Socio-Cultural factors affecting Women Economic Empowerment in Pakistan: A Situation Analysis

Choudhry, Abubakar Nazeer; Mutalib, Rozita Abdul; Ismail, Nur Syakiran Akmal

doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v9-i5/5842

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The key Critical indicator in the process of women empowerment is decision making. In FATA, it is observed that empowerment of women has a positive relationship with the place of residence, women of old age, BISP, fertility preferences and ownership of property (Choudhry, 2019;Mustafa, 2019;Osiewalska, B. 2018;Strzelecka, 2017;Mubeen et al, 2019;Raza et al, 2021).…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Equality but Never-Ending Inequity in FATA, Pakistan

Mubeen

Quddus

2021

JBSEE

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Conventional wisdom in women development generally supports the link between acceptance of unequal gender norms, which is reflective of their work participation rate, and income gaps. While this link is intuitive in the literature, the presumed impact beyond merely women empowerment, including women's socio-economic development, while lacking sufficient evidence for the case of FATA (Pakistan). This inhand study devolves on the factors which may have promising impact towards women empowerment, consisting upon a sample data of 962 female from secondary data sources i.e. PDHS 2017-18. The disaggregated results confirm that women in FATA are less benefited as compared to men, particularly when it comes to financial status; affecting their household decision-making and adding miseries to their socio-economic conditions. Not only that, but the persistent gender gap in this region also shares a prominent link with their age, education, exposure to media, fertility preference, and employment status. Lastly, the study scientifically concludes that access to education and employment is the only enabling factor to women's empowerment and achievement towards their socio-economic goals. On the same hand, above much depends on the attitude of the people towards gender equality, which may require intensive social reforms to change their behaviors.

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Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Equality but Never-Ending Inequity in FATA, Pakistan

Mubeen

Quddus

2021

JBSEE

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“…Women education enhances the quality and standard of women inside and outside their homes. Women education not only defines how many girls are enrolled in schools but It's about ensuring that girls gain knowledge and feel secure while in educational institutions; have the opportunity and access to complete all levels of education from primary to higher levels, getting knowledge and skills to participate in labor market, learn the socio-economic skills to compete the contemporary world, feel free to decide about their personal matters and contribute in the wellbeing of their family and society (Choudhry, et al, 2019a). Education helps in reduction of inequalities by improving the status and position of women in the society by giving them space and opportunities to participate in the social and development sectors.…”

Section: Review Of Literature Women Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social taboos do not allow women to have access to a decent job or employment. Uneducated women are more prone to violence and abuses, mostly families also deprive their daughters from property rights (Choudhry, et al, 2019b).According to a report of Oslo Summit on Education resource distribution in education sector of Pakistan is of a serious concern. The federal government should increase the educational resources of least developed provinces, and the distribution of resources within the provinces is also necessary (Dr. Rabea Malik, 2015).From this part of literature, we perceive that women in in Pakistan face discrimination and hurdles while receiving higher education.…”

Section: Challenges To Women Education In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impediments to Women Higher Education in Pakistan: A Case Study of District Chitral

Uddin¹,

Khan²,

Ghani³

2021

PJER

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Education is a holistic approach for peace, progress and bringing change in a society. Women equipped with higher education play a significant role in development of a country. The socio-economic and political uplift of a society largely depends on women higher education. Almost all the developed countries of the world give equal attention and consideration to boys as well as girls education; however higher education in underdeveloped states including Pakistan is the most neglected sector. In developing countries including Pakistan one of the major causes of lagging behind economically and socially is absence of technically qualified and highly educated women. Since its inception Pakistan has faced many serious issues in education sector and the education system has failed to deliver to the aspirations of the people. However, literacy rate in Pakistan since 2014 has sustainably increased from 56 percent to 59 percent, however the ratio and proportion of girls is 43 percent as compared to boy’s 57 percent which is still a matter of serious concern. The status of women education varies in rural urban division in Pakistan. Situated just across the borders of Afghanistan Chitral is the northern-most district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Because of its topology and geographic location Chitral is isolated from the rest of Pakistan. The socio-economic sector of the area was largely ignored in the past, due to which the living condition of people are extremely poor. Among the population of 4 lakhs almost 36 percent of the population live below the poverty line according to a baseline survey (ICUN). Although the ratio of education in Chitral is high comparatively in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, but still women face substantial challenges and hurdles in higher education. Women education in primary and secondary level is slightly better than higher education level. Women face many hurdles and issues because of socio-cultural taboos, financial constraints, negative perception of co-education and lack of facilities in in higher education sector. This paper will discuss and highlight the status of women education in Chitral, problem faced by NGOs working for higher education, impediments to women higher education and will suggest recommendation for a better way forward

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“…Due to social pressures, families do not allow women to have a job. Women are mostly denied property rights which discourage and obstruct their development and growth (Choudhry, Mutalib, & Ismail., 2019). The data also concedes with the literature review.…”

Section: 3: Women Should Be Permitted To Do Business Out Of Chitralmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abubakar Nazeer Chaudhry (2019) highlights the effects of social norms and cultural constraints as "Social and Cultural taboos inversely affect women better upbringing. Societal and familial factors of not letting women do a decent job will affect the social fabric of the whole country while blocking the avenues of peace and prosperity (Choudhry, Mutalib, & Ismail 2019). To pursue higher education women face lots of challenges like; burden of house chores, harassment at workplaces, socio-cultural misunderstandings, and financial constraints (Murtaza, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting Female Higher Education: An Analysis of Chitral, Pakistan

Uddin¹

2021

pjia

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Higher education signifies the social and economic development of states. Higher education helps society excel in various professions and technical sectors. The progress and prosperity of a society primarily depend on education. Women's education holds prominence in the modern world. No society can develop or can sustain its development without educating its women. They make about 50% of the world’s population and their education connotes the development and progress of a society. Chitral is the least populated district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Due to its exceptional and unique social and ethnic diversity the area has an interesting position on the map of the world. The literacy rate in Chitral is higher among women as compared to other parts of KPK but still receiving higher education is very challenging for girls because of social, economic, infrastructural, and administrative inefficiencies. Social taboos and cultural norms have restricted women of different communities inside their homes and engaged them in household chores. Women in Chitral face many obstacles and challenges in receiving higher education. Social misconception about women's education, religious misapprehensions, and cultural taboos, negative perception of co-education, financial constraints, and lack of proper educational institutions are the significant factors that affect women's higher education. The University of Chitral is the only higher education institution established in 2017. There were no other higher educational institutions before the University of Chitral. The university is still not well developed to meet the demands of higher education especially women's education. This paper intends to highlight the status of higher education in Chitral, socio-cultural factors affecting higher education of women, the significance of higher education for women in Chitral, and concludes with recommendations and suggestions for a preferable way forward. The researchers had conducted a field survey in Chitral and the data collected has been used in this paper.

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Socio-Cultural factors affecting Women Economic Empowerment in Pakistan: A Situation Analysis

Cited by 33 publications

References 24 publications

Gender Equality but Never-Ending Inequity in FATA, Pakistan

Gender Equality but Never-Ending Inequity in FATA, Pakistan

Impediments to Women Higher Education in Pakistan: A Case Study of District Chitral

Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting Female Higher Education: An Analysis of Chitral, Pakistan

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