Socio-demographic and drug use factors associated with HIV-1 recombinants and dual infections in Northern Thai drug users: Associations of risk with genetic complexity

Kijak, Gustavo H.; Beyrer, Chris; Tovanabutra, Sodsai; Sripaipan, Teerada; Suriyanon, Vinai; Moqueet, Nasheed; Sanders‐Buell, Eric; Saokhieo, Pongpran; Timpan, U.; Jittiwutikarn, Jaroon; Robb, Merlin L.; Birx, Deborah L.; Celentano, David D.; McCutchan, Francine E.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.11.013

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…They assume that the burden of responsibility will make him quit the abused substance that may be reason why most of the drug abusers are married. Education wise our results agree with previous finding of different researches that most of the drug abusers are illiterate or low educated 16,17,18,19,20,21 . It presents an interesting story to interpret.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association of Hiv With Drug Dependence;

Dogar¹,

Baig²,

Ali³

et al. 2014

TPMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: This study was undertaken with an objective of collecting basic data to assess the extent and variety of drug abuse in patients presenting to the model drug abuse and treatment center, DHQ hospital, Fsd as per social and demographic circumstances. Study design: cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the indoor Department of Model Drug Abuse Treatment Center of Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad from Jan-2014 to March-2014. Method: 80 patients dependent on different drugs participated in this study through purposive convenient sampling technique. Personal, Social, and Demographic variables were recorded on a demographic sheet. The results were obtained by using SPSS 17. Results: Descriptive statistics showed that 31 patients (38.8%) were HIV positive. Most of the patients were males (97.5 %), between 30 to 35 years of age (28.8%), married (61.3%), lived in urban areas (55%), illiterate (32.5%), had primary level education (21.3%), or middle level education (22.5%). 51.3 % patients were laborers. Conclusions: As illiteracy, low education, unemployment, labor as profession, and peer pressure are the key features of drug abusers. So, parents, health professionals, and state personals should take these as risk factors and focus upon these population segments to spread awareness and take measures of control to minimize the incidence of substance abuse.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association of Hiv With Drug Dependence;

Dogar¹,

Baig²,

Ali³

et al. 2014

TPMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The information retrieved from RV148 volunteers included basic sociodemographic characteristics, but the volunteers were not asked questions regarding behaviors that may increase the risk for HIV acquisition (41). In cohorts in Thailand and worldwide, it has been shown that there were associations between the complexity of HIV-1 strains and sociodemographic characteristics and behaviors that may increase the risk of HIV infection (e.g., more frequent needle sharing among IDUs [61], the presence of sexually transmitted infections [63], exchanging sex for money [65,66), and having high numbers of sex partners [66]). We compared the frequency of different molecular forms-pure subtypes and recombinants-between RV148 and other low-risk cohorts (i.e., RV109, a mother-to-child transmission [MTCT] [83]) from Thailand that have also been genotyped using MHAbce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Evolution of the HIV-1 Thai Epidemic between the Time of RV144 Immunogen Selection to the Execution of the Vaccine Efficacy Trial

Kijak

Tovanabutra

Rerks-Ngarm

et al. 2013

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial (Thailand, 2003 to 2009), using immunogens genetically matched to the regional epidemic, demonstrated the first evidence of efficacy for an HIV-1 vaccine. Here we studied the molecular evolution of the HIV-1 epidemic from the time of immunogen selection to the execution of the efficacy trial. We studied HIV-1 genetic diversity among 390 volunteers who were deferred from enrollment in RV144 due to preexisting HIV-1 infection using a multiregion hybridization assay, full-genome sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. The subtype distribution was 91.7% CRF01_AE, 3.5% subtype B, 4.3% B/CRF01_AE recombinants, and 0.5% dual infections. CRF01_AE strains were 31% more diverse than the ones from the 1990s Thai epidemic. Sixty-nine percent of subtype B strains clustered with the cosmopolitan Western B strains. Ninety-three percent of B/CRF01_AE recombinants were unique; recombination breakpoint analysis showed that these strains were highly embedded within the larger network that integrates recombinants from East/Southeast Asia. Compared to Thai sequences from the early 1990s, the distance to the RV144 immunogens increased 52% to 68% for CRF01_AE Env immunogens and 12% to 29% for subtype B immunogens. Forty-three percent to 48% of CRF01_AE sequences differed from the sequence of the vaccine insert in Env variable region 2 positions 169 and 181, which were implicated in vaccine sieve effects in RV144. In conclusion, compared to the molecular picture at the early stages of vaccine development, our results show an overall increase in the genetic complexity of viruses in the Thai epidemic and in the distance to vaccine immunogens, which should be considered at the time of the analysis of the trial results.

show abstract

“…Serum viral RNA was extracted using a QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Subtype distributions using MHA genotyping, demographic characteristics and risk factors of this study population were described elsewhere (Kijak et al, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%