Socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors of functional constipation in children: A case-control study

Abstract

Background: Constipation is a worldwide problem among children. Functional constipation (FC) is the most common type of chronic constipation in children comprising 95% of them.Objectives: To study the socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors of FC in children. Method:This was a single centre, case-control study; 165 patients, ages ranging from early infancy to 17 years, who were suffering from FC were recruited for six months and they were age and sexmatched with 165 healthy controls. Using a questionnaire, data were gathered from those individuals and their caregivers regarding sociodemographic characteristics, dietary history, psychological insults, family history and socioeconomic status. All patients were examined abdominally and rectally.Results: Mean age of patients under study was 3.7 ± 3.3 years, and males were more affected than females. The male to female ratio was 2.3:1. The mean age at onset of the development of constipation among our cohort was 2.3 years. Male gender, prematurity, low birth weight, formula feeding during infancy, low fibre diet, positive family history of constipation, low socioeconomic status and illiteracy of the mother were all risk factors of FC and the association was highly significant. There was no association between type of residency or bodyweight with risk of FC. Fear of using the toilet was the most common underlying psychological insult. Hard stool was the most frequent presentation of our cohort followed by _________________________________________

Serotonin, ghrelin, and motilin gene/receptor/transporter polymorphisms in childhood functional constipation

“…Functional urinary incontinence is the most frequently investigated clinical finding accompanying constipation 9,10 . There are studies in the literature showing that recurrent urinary infections and the urge to urinate in children with constipation are significantly increased, but bladder functions are positively affected after constipation treatment 11,12 . Benninga et al reported the rate of urinary incontinence as 41% in children with constipation 9 .…”

التعايش السلمي في الاديان (الاسلام و المسيحية واليزيدية إنموذجا)

“…Edan , make his work on 165 children with constipation found that the prevalence of UTI was 34.5% (Edan and Yahya 2022) Inan M etbal and Halachmi S et al results were in agreement to our results (Halachmi andFarhat 2008, Inan, Tokuc et al 2008) Association between urinary tract infection and constipation was found in many other study (Ataee, Taleshi et al 2020, Halder, Pervez et al 2021 The possible explanation behind why constipation may be a risk factor of UTI is that during functional constipation the child try to hold and control the sphincter and both urinary and anal sphincter are under one order control this will lead to increase residual urine in bladder and leading to stasis which make a good media for microbial over growth that's firstly (Kasırga, Akil et al 2006) , secondly the chronic constipation may lead to encopresis which may lead to contaminated perineum and ascending infection beside to that chronic constipation lead to changing gastrointestinal flora and making UTI more sever and frequent (Hsiao, Wang et al 2020) While Reck burneo when he made his article and studying individuals( pediatric age group) with constipation and UTI , he found a significant correlation between both studied subject. (Reck-Burneo, Vilanova-Sanchez et al 2018) and the same finding were detected in study done in Iran by Dehghani SM et al (Dehghani, Basiratnia et al 2013) The our study showed that the prevalence of UTI was significantly higher in females compared to males (62.96% vs. 30.00; P=0.0115), this may be due to high percentage of female include in study and some other physiological factor adding to anatomical difference between both gender this was our observation which was disagreed with Reck-Burneo who found UTI is a consequences of constipation regardless of gender (Reck-Burneo, Vilanova-Sanchez et al 2018) .…”

“…Regarding to the study in Iraq the prevalence of urinary tract infection(UTI) in 165 children with chronic constipation was 34.5% (Edan and Yahya 2022) The most common area in children and infants for infection is urinary tract system which can cause long-term complications, thus early detection and adequate treatment is very important.one of the most common pediatric bacterial infection is urinary tract infection (Sampaio, Sousa et al 2016). Up to the age of seven years about 2% of boys and 5% of girls has at least one attack of UTI (Habib 2012).…”

Relationship between psychological stress with functional constipation in children: a systematic review

“…The assessment was carried out using a checklist from Joanna Briggs Institute according to the study design. Criteria for cross sectional study consist of eight parameters, while for case-control and cohort study consists of ten and eleven parameters [ 7 - 10 ]. The detailed assessment of study quality is shown in ( Table 2 , Table 2.1 , Table 2.2 ).…”