Purpose: Population density has been identified as an ecological factor with considerable behavioral implications. The present research aimed to examine whether country-level differences in population density and even the mere perception of more (vs. less) populated places can shift consumers’ preferences in the luxury goods domain.Design/Methodology/Approach: One intuition study and two main studies with a total sample of over 1,700 consumers tested whether country variations in, and experimental manipulations of population density (high vs. low) exerted downstream effects on consumers’ self-reported materialism levels, purchase patterns, and preferences for luxury goods. Findings: Contrary to the lay beliefs expressed by consumers in an intuition study, Study 1 found British consumers to hold more materialistic values and to be more inclined to consume luxury goods than their American counterparts, with the United Kingdom having eight times higher population density than the United States. Study 2 experimentally manipulated consumers’ perceptions of population density and revealed that pictorial exposure to high (vs. low) population density cues resulted in more positive (vs. negative) attitudes toward brands perceived as more (vs. less) luxurious, with this effect being driven by more negative attitudes toward brands deemed to be less luxurious.Originality: The results contribute to the growing stream of literature on population density and indicate that this (geo-) demographic factor can exert important yet counterintuitive effects on consumer behavior.