Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Self-Protecting Behavior during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Papageorge, Nicholas W.; Zahn, Matthew; Bélot, Michèle; Broek-Altenburg, Eline van den; Choi, Syngjoo; Jamison, Jennifer R.; Tripodi, Egon

doi:10.3386/w27378

Cited by 120 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…While a fatalistic message arguing that the pandemic is unstoppable and that mitigation efforts may do more harm than good increased fatalism, an optimistic message that drew attention to the effectiveness of coping efforts and collective connectedness in times of need reduced fatalism. Furthermore, several recent studies reported that more fatalistic beliefs about the infectiousness of COVID-19 were less likely to comply with preventive measures (55,56). In Israel, however, higher fear of COVID-19 was unrelated to fatalism, which differs from the findings in the Swiss sample as well as the US sample of Hayes and Clerk (54).…”

Section: The Role Of Fatalismmentioning

confidence: 76%

Negative Affect, Fatalism, and Perceived Institutional Betrayal in Times of the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Control Beliefs

et al. 2020

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Background: A growing number of studies report that the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in diverse aversive psychological reactions and created a global mental health crisis. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the negative emotional reactions as well as the differences between countries are only beginning to be explored. The present study examined the association of COVID-19-related fear and negative affect in Israel and Switzerland. The mediating roles of three control beliefs were explored, namely, fatalism, locus of control, and perceived institutional betrayal. Method: General population samples of 595 Swiss and 639 Israeli participants were recruited and completed an online self-report survey. Moderated Mediation using multigroup path analysis models for the two samples were conducted and compared using AMOS. Results: The multigroup path model had excellent fit for both samples. The different paths were moderated by country affiliation. Higher levels of COVID-19-related fear were associated with negative affect to an equal extent in both samples. COVID-19-related fear was associated with higher reports of institutional betrayal and a lower locus of control in both samples. Higher COVID-19-related fear was associated with lower fatalism in the Swiss sample only. In both samples, institutional betrayal mediated the association between COVID-19-related fear and negative affect, however, locus of control was a mediator in the Israeli sample only. Conclusion: The current results suggest that the reaction of the government was of crucial importance with regard to the emotional state of the two populations. Interestingly, while in the context of adversity fatalism is generally considered a risk factor for mental health, during the time of the pandemic it seems to have had protective qualities among the Swiss population. Interventions that strengthen the personal locus of control have the potential to mitigate the negative affect in Israel but not in Switzerland. Despite the fact that COVID-19 is a global phenomenon, prevention and intervention strategies should be adjusted to local contexts.

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Section: The Role Of Fatalismmentioning

confidence: 76%

Negative Affect, Fatalism, and Perceived Institutional Betrayal in Times of the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Control Beliefs

et al. 2020

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“…To explore the spreading of COVID-19 in relation to population density, this study included potential confounding population characteristics: a) older age, as older people are said to be more susceptibility to COVID-19 6 and are more likely to live in less densely populated areas; 7 b) ethnicity, as ethnic minorities are overrepresented among COVID-19 cases 8,9 and are more likely to live in more densely populated areas; 7 c) higher occupational classes, as these people may have more flexible work arrangements, allowing them to better cope with the restrictions, 10 and are more likely to live in cities. 7 Population characteristics included as co-variates are d) healthier populations, and e) the COVID-19 prevalence rate per 100 000 people on March 15.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social distancing, population density, and spread of COVID-19 in England: a longitudinal study

Tammes

2020

BJGP Open

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BackgroundThe UK government introduced social distancing measures between 16–22 March 2020, aiming to slow down transmission of COVID-19.AimTo explore the spreading of COVID-19 in relation to population density after the introduction of social distancing measures.Design & settingLongitudinal design with 5-weekly COVID-19 incidence rates per 100 000 people for 149 English Upper Tier Local Authorities (UTLAs), between 16 March and 19 April 2020.MethodMultivariable multilevel model to analyse weekly incidence rates per 100 000 people; time was level-1 unit and UTLA level-2 unit. Population density was divided into quartiles. The model included an interaction between week and population density. Potential confounders were percentage aged ≥65, percentage non-white British, and percentage in two highest classes of the National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification. Co-variates were male life expectancy at birth, and COVID-19 prevalence rate per 100 000 people on March 15. Confounders and co-variates were standardised around the mean.ResultsIncidence rates per 100 000 people peaked in the week of March 30–April 5, showing higher adjusted incidence rate per 100 000 people (46.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 40.6 to 51.8) in most densely populated ULTAs (quartile 4) than in less densely populated ULTAs (quartile 1: 33.3, 95% CI = 27.4 to 37.2; quartile 2: 35.9, 95% CI = 31.6 to 40.1). Thereafter, incidence rate dropped in the most densely populated ULTAs resulting in rate of 22.4 (95% CI = 16.9 to 28.0) in the week of April 13–19; this was lower than in quartiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively 31.4 (95% CI = 26.5 to 36.3), 34.2 (95% CI = 29.9 to 38.5), and 43.2 (95% CI = 39.0 to 47.4).ConclusionAfter the introduction of social distancing measures, the incidence rates per 100 000 people dropped stronger in most densely populated ULTAs.

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“…For these tasks, population-representative estimates are essential. While we focus on disparities in preexisting health conditions and their implications for vulnerability to severe complications, our work is a complement to studies of disparities in exposure to the coronavirus (25)(26)(27) and in inequities in health care (24,28,29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities in Vulnerability to Severe Complications from COVID-19 in the United States

Wiemers

Abrahams

AlFakhri

et al. 2020

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This paper provides the first nationally representative estimates of vulnerability to severe complications from COVID-19 overall and across race-ethnicity and socioeconomic status. We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to examine the prevalence of specific health conditions associated with complications from COVID-19 and to calculate, for each individual, an index of the risk of severe complications from respiratory infections developed by DeCaprio et al. (2020). We show large disparities across race-ethnicity and socioeconomic status in the prevalence of conditions which are associated with the risk of severe complications from COVID-19. Moreover, we show that these disparities emerge early in life, prior to age 65, leading to higher vulnerability to such complications. While vulnerability is highest among older adults regardless of their race-ethnicity or socioeconomic status, our results suggest particular attention should also be given to the risk of adverse outcomes in midlife for non-Hispanic Blacks, adults with a high school degree or less, and low-income Americans.

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Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Self-Protecting Behavior during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Cited by 120 publications

References 12 publications

Negative Affect, Fatalism, and Perceived Institutional Betrayal in Times of the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Control Beliefs

Negative Affect, Fatalism, and Perceived Institutional Betrayal in Times of the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Control Beliefs

Social distancing, population density, and spread of COVID-19 in England: a longitudinal study

Disparities in Vulnerability to Severe Complications from COVID-19 in the United States

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