Socio-ecological Systems Analysis of the Prevention and Control of Dengue in two Districts of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

Mboera, Leonard E. G.; Sindato, Calvin; Mremi, Irene R.; Rumisha, Susan F.; George, Janeth; Ngolongolo, Renfrid; Misinzo, Gerald; Karimuribo, Esron D.; Rweyemamu, Mark M.; Haider, Najmul; Hamid, Muzamil Abdel; Kock, Richard

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-508043/v1

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…They understand pathologies at systems level, rather than simply seeing the human or animal as disease vectors [74]. In this way, SES thinking has broadened the scope of public health analysis, developing a "framework for examining how individuals, their health, and their surrounding physical and social environments interact at multiple levels of a health problem and their interdependency" [86] (p. 3). Efforts have focused on understanding the capacity of the social system and public health actions to drive health in the context of SES disturbances, ensuring human health becomes much more complex when these disruptions are zoonotic in origin [75].…”

Section: Pathogens Pandemics and Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Understanding Novel Pathogens in Coupled Social–Ecological Systems

et al. 2022

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The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the spread of COVID-19 is explored using a social-ecological systems (SES) framework. From an SES perspective, the pandemic is the outcome of feedback loops and cascading interactions within an anthropologically disturbed system. However, the SES framework tends to overemphasize human agency as drivers of system disequilibrium. Drawing on posthumanism theory in social science, the agency of the non-human world also plays a critical role in disturbances in SES. Non-human agency is incorporated into the SES framework, applying it to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the spread of COVID-19, and public health responses. The paper is interdisciplinary, and a non-systematic literature review was combined with Socratic dialogue to examine how human-induced changes trigger feedbacks in SES, such as SARS-CoV-2. The non-human world, embedded within a coupled system of material relations; the natural/biological element, that finds expression in the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and in generating the genome novel recombinant, which aligns with the conceptualization of the non-human as “vibrant”, all play a role in shaping systems dynamics. This calls into question the anthropocentric view that human agency has the capacity to drive ecosystem dynamics. The implications for SES theory are discussed and we conclude with a case for a new ethics of interdependency to better serve SES analysis. The implications for practice, particularly considering projected future novel virus outbreaks, are discussed.

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Section: Pathogens Pandemics and Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Understanding Novel Pathogens in Coupled Social–Ecological Systems

et al. 2022

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Emerging epidemics: is the Zanzibar healthcare system ready to detect and respond to mosquito-borne viral diseases?

Saleh

Kitau

Konradsen

et al. 2021

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background Effective control of emerging mosquito-borne viral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika requires, amongst other things, a functional healthcare system, ready and capable of timely detection and prompt response to incipient epidemics. We assessed the readiness of Zanzibar health facilities and districts for early detection and management of mosquito-borne viral disease outbreaks. Methods A cross-sectional study involving all 10 District Health Management Teams and 45 randomly selected public and private health facilities in Zanzibar was conducted using a mixed-methods approach including observations, document review, and structured interviews with health facility in-charges and District Health Management Team members. Results The readiness of the Zanzibar healthcare system for timely detection, management, and control of dengue and other mosquito-borne viral disease outbreaks was critically low. The majority of health facilities and districts lacked the necessary requirements including standard guidelines, trained staff, real-time data capture, analysis and reporting systems, as well as laboratory diagnostic capacity. In addition, health education programmes for creating public awareness and Aedes mosquito surveillance and control activities were non-existent. Conclusions The Zanzibar healthcare system has limited readiness for management, and control of mosquito-borne viral diseases. In light of impending epidemics, the critical shortage of skilled human resource, lack of guidelines, lack of effective disease and vector surveillance and control measures as well as lack of laboratory capacity at all levels of health facilities require urgent attention across the Zanzibar archipelago.

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Framing the Drivers of Antimicrobial Resistance in Tanzania

et al. 2021

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Despite global awareness of the key factors surrounding antimicrobial resistance (AMR), designing and implementing policies to address the critical issues around the drivers of AMR remains complex to put into practice. We identified prevalent narratives and framing used by epistemological communities involved in the response to AMR in Tanzania, interrogated how this framing may inform policymaking, and identified interventions that could be tailored to the groups believed responsible for AMR. We interviewed 114 key informants from three districts and analysed transcripts line by line. Our results suggest that many different groups help drive the spread of AMR in Tanzania and need to be involved in any effective response. Human health is currently perceived as driving the response, while other domains lag behind in their efforts. For AMR programmes to be successful, all sectors need to be involved, including civil society groups, community representatives, and those working in communities (e.g., primary care physicians). However, current plans and programmes largely fail to include these viewpoints. The perceived presence of political will in Tanzania is a significant step towards such a response. Any strategies to tackle AMR need to be tailored to the context-specific realities, taking into account constraints, beliefs, and power dynamics within countries.

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Socio-ecological Systems Analysis of the Prevention and Control of Dengue in two Districts of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

COVID-19: Understanding Novel Pathogens in Coupled Social–Ecological Systems

COVID-19: Understanding Novel Pathogens in Coupled Social–Ecological Systems

Emerging epidemics: is the Zanzibar healthcare system ready to detect and respond to mosquito-borne viral diseases?

Framing the Drivers of Antimicrobial Resistance in Tanzania

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