Socio-economic determinants of charcoal expenditures in Tanzania: Evidence from panel data

D’Agostino, Anthony; Urpelainen, Johannes; Xu, Alice

doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2015.03.007

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Until now, to the best of our knowledge no large scale quantitative studies have been conducted in Tanzania to empirically model the correlates of household fuel decisions using household surveys. Recent studies focus on electricity use only (Rahut et al, 2017) and charcoal expenditures only (D'Agostino et al, 2015). Considering Tanzania's current national policy issues and priorities, the main goal of this paper is to develop an understanding of the nature of household energy use in Tanzania in the context of the energy ladder and stacking hypotheses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stacking up the ladder: A panel data analysis of Tanzanian household energy choices

2019

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Energy-use statistics in Tanzania reflect the country's low level of industrialization and development. In 2016, only 16.9% of rural and 65.3% of urban inhabitants in mainland Tanzania were connected to some form of electricity. We use a nationally representative three-wave panel dataset (2008-2013) to contribute to the literature on household energy use decisions in Tanzania in the context of the stacking and energy ladder hypotheses. We firstly adopt a panel multinomial-logit approach to model the determinants of household cooking-and lighting-fuel choices. Secondly, we focus explicitly on energy stacking behaviour, proposing various ways of measuring what is inferred when stacking behaviour is thought of in the context of the energy transition and presenting household level correlates of energy stacking behaviour. Thirdly, since fuel uses have gender-differentiated impacts, we investigate women's bargaining power in the decision-making process of household fuel choices. We find that whilst higher household incomes are strongly associated with a transition towards the adoption of more modern fuels, especially lighting fuels, this transition takes place in a context of significant fuel stacking. In Tanzania, government policy has been aimed mostly at connecting households to the electric grid. However, the public health, environmental and social benefits of access to modern energy sources are likely to be diminished in a context of significant fuel stacking. Lastly, we present evidence that the educational attainment of women in the household is an important aspect of household fuel choices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stacking up the ladder: A panel data analysis of Tanzanian household energy choices

2019

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“…Two conclusions in D'Agostino et al' study [43] were particularly important for our study, the first being (p. 479) "Although charcoal has now become the fuel of choice for the vast majority of urban households in Tanzania, the socioeconomic determinants of charcoal choice and expenditures remain poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Although several studies such as by Faraji et al [38], Fisher et al [39], Hofstad [25], Hosier and Kipondya [40], Hosier et al [41], Mwampamba [11], and Schaafsma et al [42] have quantified household charcoal consumption and showed its economic, social, and ecological importance in Tanzania at village, regional, or national levels; very little research has been done regarding testing statistically what are the main determinants of this consumption. In fact, D'Agostino et al' study [43] is the only econometric study of charcoal consumption behavior in Tanzania we have come across.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Curbing the surge in charcoal consumption is important for managing forests and protecting poor households against sudden price shocks." e second conclusion refers to the fact that price of charcoal was not included as explanatory variable in the statistical analyses in D'Agostino et al [43] and their corresponding statement (p. 480): "Future studies of charcoal consumption should extend and modify our initial approach. One promising direction for research is to collect data on local charcoal prices and estimate price elasticity of demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Income and Price on Household’s Charcoal Consumption in Three Cities of Tanzania

Nyamoga

Sjølie

Latta

et al. 2022

International Journal of Forestry Research

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More than 80% of the urban and periurban population in Tanzania depend on charcoal as their main source of energy for cooking. This charcoal is supplied from natural forests, mainly Miombo woodlands, and the high charcoal consumption is a main trigger for deforestation, forest degradation, and climate gas emissions. The country’s urban population is increasing at an annual rate of 5-6%, and better understanding of the urban demand for charcoal is of high interest regarding the country’s energy development, climate mitigation, and land use. We surveyed 360 households situated in the Tanzanian cities Dodoma, Morogoro, and Mtwara and analyzed statistically the impacts of household income, charcoal prices, and household size on the per capita charcoal consumption. For the total sample, statistically significant elasticities were found to be 0.03, −0.13, and −0.62 for per capita income, charcoal price, and household size, respectively. In the low-income group, the elasticities of charcoal price and household size were found to be statistically significant with the values of −0.44 and −0.59, respectively, whereas in the middle-income group, the household size was the only statistically significant variable, with elasticity −0.81. In the high-income group, we got statistically significant elasticities of 0.17 for per capita income and −0.44 for household size. These results are based on small samples and should be followed up by larger surveys.

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“…Biomass energy provides 68% of Kenya's overall energy requirement while petroleum accounts for about 22%, electricity 9% and coal at less than 1% [6]. Charcoal, firewood, dung, and other traditional fuels are the main energy sources in Tanzania, with their use growing in absolute terms due to the increase in population and urbanisation [7][8][9]. In Tanzania, more than 85% of the population depend on wood-based energy for cooking [8,10,11] and generate at least one billion dollars in revenue to the rural sector, therefore providing income and livelihoods particularly for the rural people, transporters, and urban traders [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Costing of Alternative Value Chains of Biomass Energy for Cooking in Kenya and Tanzania

Okoko

Dach

Reinhard

et al. 2018

Journal of Renewable Energy

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In near future, wood-based biomass energy will remain the main cooking energy for households in East Africa, especially for poor households due to its availability and affordability. Alternative biomass fuels however exist. Economic viability of these alternatives is important due to its potential to influence their adoption and sustained use. This research evaluates the economic efficiency of firewood, charcoal, biogas, jatropha oil, and crop residue briquettes value chains in the rural-urban contexts of Kitui, Kenya, and Moshi, Tanzania, using Life Cycle Costing (LCC) methodology. LCC helps to identify areas along the value chains where costs occur and where improvements are feasible. Jatropha oil manual value chain has the highest cost. Firewood use with improved cook stoves is cost efficient. In Moshi’s rural context, royalty fees increases cost of charcoal. Similarly, biogas in Kitui is less likely to be economically viable. Briquettes however have a competitive advantage over charcoal. The costs are dominated by fuel provision compared to cost of stoves. Therefore, payment schemes that improve adoption of improved stoves perceived as expensive will substantially reduce fuel cost. Enhancing availability and accessibility of technologies such as briquette presses will enhance biomass energy access and provide a source of income for households.

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Socio-economic determinants of charcoal expenditures in Tanzania: Evidence from panel data

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Stacking up the ladder: A panel data analysis of Tanzanian household energy choices

Stacking up the ladder: A panel data analysis of Tanzanian household energy choices

Effects of Income and Price on Household’s Charcoal Consumption in Three Cities of Tanzania

Life Cycle Costing of Alternative Value Chains of Biomass Energy for Cooking in Kenya and Tanzania

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