Socio-economic determinants of healthy behaviours among primary schoolchildren and adolescents in Lokossa district of southern Benin

Abstract

Background There is little information regarding fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and physical activity (PA) among schoolchildren in Benin. In this study we evaluated the differences in breakfast eating, FV consumption and PA according to socio-economic (SE) determinants in primary schoolchildren. Methods A cross-sectional study using a probabilistic sample of 612 students (8–17 y of age) from 26 primary schools was done between December 2018 and January 2019. The association was estimated by logistic regression analyses. Results Of all students, 53% were physically inactive, 60% took breakfast <5 d/week, 84% irregularly ate fruits and 68% irregularly ate vegetables. Younger students (8–10 y) take breakfast regularly and older ones (>15 y) were physically more active. The probability of regular breakfast and fruit consumption were significantly higher in children of educated parents (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) compared with children of non-educated parents. Medium SE status was associated with regular breakfast intake, whereas high SE status was associated with higher fruit intake and lower physical activity compared with low SE status (p<0.001). There was no association between breakfast eating, FV intake, PA and the body mass index. Conclusions Findings emphasize the need for interventions to promote healthy eating behaviours in primary schoolchildren and their family environments.