Socio-economic disparities in the diet of French children and adolescents: a multidimensional issue

Abstract

This research highlights the need for specific messages to help poorly educated families adopt good eating habits.

Socio-economic and cultural disparities in diet among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review

“…Nevertheless, in the 271 fourth study, the highest intake category was associated with higher parental education for boys, 272 after adjustment for sex-and age-recommended amounts of vegetables (49) . In addition, these four 273 studies all showed higher fruit intake and daily consumption when parental education was higher 274 (49,(54)(55)(56) . Moreover, studies of lower quality showed positive associations between parental 275 education and fruit and vegetable consumption frequency (60,67) .…”

“…The other 14 studies (17 reports) were 258 considered of lower quality (41,(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74) . 260 The "vegetable" group was not defined in most reports (50,54,(56)(57)(58) ; in others (49,55) , it was composed 261 of raw, frozen, canned and cooked vegetables. The "fruit" group composition was less 262 homogeneous: some included 100% fruit juice (56) , all types of fruit juice (58) , dried fruits (56) or only 263 fresh (49) or whole fruits (57) , while some did not define composition (50,54,55) .…”

“…260 The "vegetable" group was not defined in most reports (50,54,(56)(57)(58) ; in others (49,55) , it was composed 261 of raw, frozen, canned and cooked vegetables. The "fruit" group composition was less 262 homogeneous: some included 100% fruit juice (56) , all types of fruit juice (58) , dried fruits (56) or only 263 fresh (49) or whole fruits (57) , while some did not define composition (50,54,55) . One report showed 264 analyses of grouped fruits and vegetables (58) .…”

“…Moreover, studies of lower quality showed positive associations between parental 275 education and fruit and vegetable consumption frequency (60,67) . 276 Two studies investigated the association between vegetable intake and household income/wealth, 277 but found no statistical association (49,56) . In one of three studies investigating fruit consumption, 278 daily fruit intake was higher when household income and wealth levels were higher, after 279 adjustment for age, sex and energy intake in one study (56) , whereas, in another study (49) 280 dichotomized fruit intake was not associated with household income after various adjustments.…”

“…276 Two studies investigated the association between vegetable intake and household income/wealth, 277 but found no statistical association (49,56) . In one of three studies investigating fruit consumption, 278 daily fruit intake was higher when household income and wealth levels were higher, after 279 adjustment for age, sex and energy intake in one study (56) , whereas, in another study (49) 280 dichotomized fruit intake was not associated with household income after various adjustments. In a 281 third study, total and whole fruit intake was higher when the family income-to-poverty ratio was higher, whereas 100% fruit juice intake was not associated with family income (52) .…”