Socio-Economic Factors Associated With Cholera Outbreak In Southern Ghana, 2012: A Case-Control Study

BackgroundThe countries of West Africa are largely portrayed as cholera endemic, although the dynamics of outbreaks in this region of Africa remain largely unclear.Methodology/Principal findingsTo understand the dynamics of cholera in a major portion of West Africa, we analyzed cholera epidemics from 2009 to 2015 from Benin to Mauritania. We conducted a series of field visits as well as multilocus variable tandem repeat analysis and whole-genome sequencing analysis of V. cholerae isolates throughout the study region. During this period, Ghana accounted for 52% of the reported cases in the entire study region (coastal countries from Benin to Mauritania). From 2009 to 2015, we found that one major wave of cholera outbreaks spread from Accra in 2011 northwestward to Sierra Leone and Guinea in 2012. Molecular epidemiology analysis confirmed that the 2011 Ghanaian isolates were related to those that seeded the 2012 epidemics in Guinea and Sierra Leone. Interestingly, we found that many countries deemed “cholera endemic” actually suffered very few outbreaks, with multi-year lulls.Conclusions/SignificanceThis study provides the first cohesive vision of the dynamics of cholera epidemics in a major portion of West Africa. This epidemiological overview shows that from 2009 to 2015, at least 54% of reported cases concerned populations living in the three urban areas of Accra, Freetown, and Conakry. These findings may serve as a guide to better target cholera prevention and control efforts in the identified cholera hotspots in West Africa.

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Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile Analysis of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 from Stool Samples of Bangladesh

Uddin¹,

Akter²,

Sultana³

et al. 2018

AiM

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Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease which is usually caused by toxigenic strain of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139. Cholera is still one of the major health concerns in developing countries like Bangladesh due to poor sanitation and unavailability of safe drinking water. This experiment was confronted to identify V. cholerae O1 from stool samples as well as to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolated strains. A total of 140 stool samples from people infected with diarrheal disease were collected from July 2016 to December 2016. Among all, 58 samples were found positive for V. cholerae which were further subjected to sero-grouping by specific anti-sera and antimicrobial susceptibility test by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibition were measured and interpreted by following the recommendations of the criteria of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). It was found that 43 (74.1%) isolates of V. cholerae were O1 serogroup of Ogawa serotype and the rest 15 (25.9%) were O1 serogroup of Inaba serotype. People aged between 41 -50 were most susceptible to V. cholerae O1 having about 39.7% of positive cases. The isolates were highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin with 100% susceptibility whereas 100% resistant was found towards Nalidixic acid. Though most of the isolates in our study were susceptible against tested antibiotics, the continuous surveillance is required to see the changing pattern of serogroups or serotypes and antimicrobial profile How to cite this paper: Uddin, M.E.,

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Socio-Economic Factors Associated With Cholera Outbreak In Southern Ghana, 2012: A Case-Control Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Revealing Influences of Socioeconomic Factors over Disease Outbreaks

Revealing Influences of Socioeconomic Factors over Disease Outbreaks

Dynamics of cholera epidemics from Benin to Mauritania

Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile Analysis of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 from Stool Samples of Bangladesh

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Socio-Economic Factors Associated With Cholera Outbreak In Southern Ghana, 2012: A Case-Control Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Revealing Influences of Socioeconomic Factors over Disease Outbreaks

Revealing Influences of Socioeconomic Factors over Disease Outbreaks

Dynamics of cholera epidemics from Benin to Mauritania

Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile Analysis of &lt;i&gt;Vibrio cholerae&lt;/i&gt; O1 from Stool Samples of Bangladesh

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Product

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About

Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile Analysis of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 from Stool Samples of Bangladesh