Socio-economic impact of medical lower-limb Exoskeletons

Ferrati, Francesco; Bortoletto, Roberto; Menegatti, Emanuele; Pagello, Enrico

doi:10.1109/arso.2013.6705500

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The use of physiotherapists and rehabilitation techniques is essential in the clinical activities with spinal cord lesions [2], and the use of a device that allows mobility to paraplegics can minimize many problems and improve the psychological aspect. Lack of movement in muscles can cause deep wounds in the skin (bed sores), decrease aerobic capacity, reduce blood circulation, lead to osteoporosis, intestinal constipation, kidney problems, urinary tract infection, heart disease, among others [3,4]. Such problems could be minimized if paraplegic people could stand and walk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Robotic systems use in gait rehabilitation has shown good results for post-stroke treatment [3] and post-spinal cord lesions [1]. So, the development of exoskeletons (or devices with a similar system) in the limb rehabilitation of whom had their impaired movement, responsible for reducing fatigue in repetitive movements, or even to aid in locomotion, have been developed increasingly for commercial purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conceptual design of a rehabilitation device based on cam-follower and crank-rocker mechanisms hand actioned

Gonçalves

Soares

Carvalho

2019

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Several works present exoskeletons and devices acting in the hip, the knee and the ankle of patients with some kind of limitation on the lower limbs movement, aiding patients' locomotion/rehabilitation. The challenges in exoskeletons development for paraplegics' locomotion are related with obtaining a compact and low-mass design with long battery life. Furthermore, the robotic devices to lower limb rehabilitation are very expensive complex systems mainly due to the technology of servomotors, drivers and control system; thus, a simpler device tends to make patients feel more comfortable and safer, which is important to gain their acceptance. Hence, the aim of this paper is developing a new exoskeleton with one degree of freedom, low cost, to locomotion/rehabilitation of subjects with paralysis/motor disability in the lower limbs, powered by the user's strength, reproducing on them the ability to walk with stability and security. This leads to decreasing the problems related to the lack of movement and the consequent improvement in the paraplegics' life quality. The proposed device was developed using a combination of simple mechanisms to obtain the approximate human gait movement. In order to achieve the proposed objective, we present the mechanism synthesis, graphical simulations and experimental test of the simplified prototype built. The graphical simulations and the experimental results show that the proposed device performs properly on the hip and knee joints movement but with smaller amplitude.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual design of a rehabilitation device based on cam-follower and crank-rocker mechanisms hand actioned

Gonçalves

Soares

Carvalho

2019

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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“…Wearable powered exoskeleton robots have been developed to provide functional mobility to paraplegic patients [ 9 ]. Such an exoskeleton has several advantages over traditional KAFO or passive exoskeleton [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of gait training using powered lower limb exoskeleton robot on individuals with complete spinal cord injury

Mao

et al. 2018

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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BackgroundPowered exoskeleton can improve the mobility for people with movement deficits by providing mechanical support and facilitate the gait training. This pilot study evaluated the effect of gait training using a newly developed powered lower limb exoskeleton robot for individuals with complete spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsTwo participants with a complete SCI were recruited for this clinical study. The powered exoskeleton gait training was 8 weeks, 1 h per session, and 2 sessions per week. The evaluation was performed before and after the training for (1) the time taken by the user to don and doff the powered exoskeleton independently, (2) the level of exertion perceived by participants while using the powered exoskeleton, and (3) the mobility performance included the timed up-and-go test, 10-m walk test, and 6-min walk test with the powered exoskeleton. The safety of the powered exoskeleton was evaluated on the basis of injury reports and the incidence of falls or imbalance while using the device.ResultsThe results indicated that the participants were donning and doffing the powered lower limb exoskeleton robot independently with a lower level of exertion and walked faster and farther without any injury or fall incidence when using the powered exoskeleton than when using a knee–ankle–foot orthosis. Bone mineral densities was also increased after the gait training. No adverse effects, such as skin abrasions, or discomfort were reported while using the powered exoskeleton.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrated that individuals with complete SCI used the powered lower limb exoskeleton robot independently without any assistance after 8 weeks of powered exoskeleton gait training.Trial registrationTrial registration: National Taiwan University Hospital.Trial registration number: 201210051RIB.Name of registry: Hui-Fen Mao.URL of registry: Not available.Date of registration: December 12th, 2012.Date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial: January 3rd, 2013.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12984-018-0355-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Segundo Ferrati et al (2013), nos Estados Unidos, dados mostram que a maior taxa de mortalidade entre pessoas que sofreram danos na coluna vertebral ocorre no primeiro ano após a lesão e a taxa aumenta consideravelmente em função da severidade da lesão.…”

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“…Antigamente, as principais causas de morte em pessoas com lesões na coluna vertebral eram a falha renal, atualmente as principais causas são as doenças respiratórias (principalmente pneumonia) seguida de doenças infecciosas e parasitárias, que são usualmente associadas com úlceras de decúbito e do trato urinário ou infecções respiratórias (FERRATI et al, 2013).…”

Section: Lista De Símbolosunclassified

Desenvolvimento de um exoesqueleto para movimentação/reabilitação de paraplégicos

Júnior¹,

Lopes²

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People bedridden by paralysis/motor disability are subject to several problems due to lack of movement. Then, it is necessary to use equipments that enable the people bedridden stand up and walk, so as to reduce the problems due to lack of movement and the time of rehabilitation, impacting directly on its quality of life. The aim of this work is the development of an exoskeleton to make the movement of people with paralysis / motor impairment in the lower limbs, without help of third parties, to be activated by the user. To provide support, stability and security to the deficient, it was decided to use a structure formed by four legs, being each leg consisting of a parallel chain. The gait was obtained by combining the movement of two mechanisms: crank/rocker, responsible for oscillatory motion of the leg, and cam/follower, responsible for the foot motion on the desired trajectory.To achieve the aim of this work was conducted a study about the types of exoskeletons for locomotion/rehabilitation of people with lower limb paralysis and presented a study on the movement of the lower limb joints. It also presented a mathematical model to obtain the desired path to the foot of the exoskeleton, the static model and the design of the structure elements. In the sequence is presented the simulation of movements of a people during the human gait, experimental tests and the comparison with the human gait developed by a people without disabilities.

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Socio-economic impact of medical lower-limb Exoskeletons

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Conceptual design of a rehabilitation device based on cam-follower and crank-rocker mechanisms hand actioned

Conceptual design of a rehabilitation device based on cam-follower and crank-rocker mechanisms hand actioned

The effects of gait training using powered lower limb exoskeleton robot on individuals with complete spinal cord injury

Desenvolvimento de um exoesqueleto para movimentação/reabilitação de paraplégicos

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