Socio-economic status and COVID-19–related cases and fatalities

Hawkins, Robert B.; Charles, Eric J.; Mehaffey, J. Hunter

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.016

Cited by 371 publications

(348 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

302

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, these crowded markets are often located within pockets of poverty, suggesting that the socioeconomic dynamics of localities might have influenced how the virus spread through communities. The findings support previous research (Hamidi et al, 2020;Hawkins et al, 2020;, which have established that socioeconomic factors play an important role in COVID-19 prevalence in the USA. We computed and mapped the mean monthly mobility levels from GCMR data for grocery and pharmacy-related trips to corroborate the model results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A longitudinal study of the impact of human mobility on the incidence of COVID-19 in India

Praharaj

Han

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human mobility plays a crucial role in determining how fast and where infectious diseases can spread. This study aims to investigate visit to which category of places among grocery, retail, parks, workplaces, residential, and transit stations is more associated with the incidence of COVID-19 in India. A longitudinal analysis of generalized estimating equation (GEE) with a Poisson log-linear model is employed to analyze the daily mobility rate and reported new cases of COVID-19 between March 14 and September 11, 2020. This study finds that mobility to places of grocery (food and vegetable markets, drug stores etc.) and retail (restaurants, cafes, shopping centres etc.) is significantly associated (at p<0.01) with the incidence of COVID-19. In contrast, visits to parks, transit stations and mobility within residential neighbourhoods are not statistically significant (p>0.05) in changing COVID-19 cases over time. These findings highlight that instead of blanket lockdown restrictions, authorities should adopt a place-based approach focusing on vulnerable hotspot locations to contain the COVID-19 and any future infectious disease.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A longitudinal study of the impact of human mobility on the incidence of COVID-19 in India

Praharaj

Han

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Individuals with SMD may be particularly vulnerable because SMD in itself and its co-morbidities are likely associated with lower socioeconomic status ( 57 ). This would be consistent with findings from the US that COVID-19 mortality is more frequent in lower socioeconomic ethnic minority groups ( 60 , 61 ). The impact of socioeconomic status and ethnicity on the risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality in individuals with SMD requires further study.…”

Section: Psychosocial Stresssupporting

confidence: 92%

Death Associated With Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection in Individuals With Severe Mental Disorders in Sweden During the Early Months of the Outbreak—An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Population-Based Register Study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Individuals with severe mental disorder (SMD) have a higher risk of somatic comorbidity and mortality than the rest of the population. We set up a population-based study to assess whether individuals with SMD had a higher risk of death associated with a COVID-19 infection (COVID-19 associated death) than individuals without SMD.Methods: Exploratory analysis with a cross-sectional design in the framework of a population-based register study covering the entire Swedish population. The Swedish Board for Health and Welfare (Socialstyrelsen) provided anonymized tabulated summary data for further analysis. We compared numbers of COVID-19 associated death in individuals with SMD (cases) and without SMD (controls). We calculated the odds ratio (OR) for the whole sample and by age group and four comorbidities, namely diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic lung disease.Results: The sample comprised of 7,923,859 individuals, 103,999 with SMD and 7,819,860 controls. There were 130 (0.1%) COVID-19 associated deaths in the SMD group and 4,945 (0.06%) in the control group, corresponding to an OR of 1.98 (CI 1.66-2.35; p < 0.001). The odds were 4-fold for the age groups between 60 and 79 years and 1.5-fold for cardiovascular diseases. Individuals with SMD without any of the risk factors under study had 3-fold odds of COVID-19 associated death.Conclusion: Our preliminary results identify individuals with SMD as a further group at increased risk of COVID-19 associated death. In regard to comorbidities, future studies should explore the potential confounding or mediation role in the relationship between SMD and COVID-19 associated deaths.

show abstract

“…Similar ecological studies showed that areas with lower socioeconomic status were related with higher rates of COVID-19 transmission, as well as mortality ( 5 , 6 ). These results were also replicated in population-based studies ( 7 , 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Correlation of Demographics, Healthcare Availability, and COVID-19 Outcome: Indonesian Ecological Study

Wirawan

Januraga

2021

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To analyze the correlation between demographic and healthcare availability indicators with COVID-19 outcome among Indonesian provinces.Methods: We employed an ecological study design to study the correlation between demographics, healthcare availability, and COVID-19 indicators. Demographic and healthcare indicators were obtained from the Indonesian Health Profile of 2019 by the Ministry of Health while COVID-19 indicators were obtained from the Indonesian COVID-19 website in August 31st 2020. Non-parametric correlation and multivariate regression analyses were conducted with IBM SPSS 23.0.Results: We found the number of confirmed cases and case growth to be significantly correlated with demographic indicators, especially with distribution of age groups. Confirmed cases and case growth was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with population density (correlation coefficient of 0.461 and 0.491) and proportion of young people (−0.377; −0.394). Incidence and incidence growth were correlated with ratios of GPs (0.426; 0.534), hospitals (0.376; 0.431), primary care clinics (0.423; 0.424), and hospital beds (0.472; 0.599) per capita. For mortality, case fatality rate (CFR) was correlated with population density (0.390) whereas mortality rate was correlated with ratio of hospital beds (0.387). Multivariate analyses found confirmed case independently associated with population density (β of 0.638) and demographic structure (−0.289). Case growth was independently associated with density (0.763). Incidence growth was independently associated with hospital bed ratio (0.486).Conclusion: Pre-existing inequality of healthcare availability correlates with current reported incidence and mortality rate of COVID-19. Lack of healthcare availability in some provinces may have resulted in artificially low numbers of cases being diagnosed, lower demands for COVID-19 tests, and eventually lower case-findings.

show abstract

Socio-economic status and COVID-19–related cases and fatalities

Cited by 371 publications

References 17 publications

A longitudinal study of the impact of human mobility on the incidence of COVID-19 in India

A longitudinal study of the impact of human mobility on the incidence of COVID-19 in India

Death Associated With Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection in Individuals With Severe Mental Disorders in Sweden During the Early Months of the Outbreak—An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Population-Based Register Study

Correlation of Demographics, Healthcare Availability, and COVID-19 Outcome: Indonesian Ecological Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About