Socio-Medical and Personality Correlates of Psychological Well-Being among People Living with HIV: a Latent Profile Analysis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the heterogeneity of the sample of people living with HIV (PLWH) in terms of psychological well-being (PWB) using the latent profile analysis. Participants were 530 people with confirmed diagnosis of HIV+. The study was cross-sectional with psychological well-being operationalized by health related quality of life (WHO Quality of Life-BREF), satisfaction with life (Satisfaction with Life Scale) and positive and negative general affect (PANAS-X). The Big Five personality traits were measured with the NEO-FFI questionnaire. Additionally, sociomedical data were obtained. The statistical analysis proved the heterogeneity of PWB among the studied patient group: model with 6 different PWB profiles was best-fitted to the data. Employment, education, and personality traits, especially neuroticism, turned out to be significant for PWB profile membership. In contrast, medical variables were not related to the PWB profile membership among participants. Research on PWB among PLWH in so called person-centred approach by distinguishing their different subgroups may be an adjunct to develop more effective methods of psychological counselling for PLWH, especially in the light of findings that objective health status is not necessarily a strong explanatory variable of PWB's variance in these patients.Applied Research Quality Life

A person‐centered evaluation of subjective well‐being using a latent profile analysis: Associations with negative life events, distress, and emotion regulation strategies

“…Emotionally reactive individuals demonstrated levels of optimism and extraversion that were similar to individuals with high SWB. Similar results were obtained in studies using a person-centered approach to examine the structure of well-being among individuals with diagnoses of HIV (Rzeszutek et al, 2019) and among self-employed (Bujacz et al, 2020). Rzeszutek et al (2019) applied a latent profile analysis (LPA) to seven well-being indicators (somatic health, psychological health, social relationships, environment, positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) and found six distinct classes: medium, low, high, mixed, very low, and very high well-being.…”

“…The detection of profiles with patterns different from congruous does not support a variable-centered approach, which posits that individuals differ only in mean levels of life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect, assuming there is population homogeneity (low or high SWB) in the configuration of SWB components (Busseri et al, 2009). However, the identification of both congruous and incongruous SWB profiles is in line with the assumptions of the dynamic and modular model of SWB (Shmotkin, 2005), as well as with the results of previous studies using a person-centered approach (Bergman & Daukantaite, 2009;Busseri et al, 2009;Rzeszutek et al, 2019). Incongruous profiles similar to a mixed SWB and moderately low SWB were detected in at least two studies conducted on non-clinical samples (Busseri et al, 2009;Bergman & Daukantaite, 2009).…”

“…Two congruous profiles (high SWB and low SWB) supporting the assumptions of variable-centered models of SWB have also been found in previous studies using a person-centered approach to well-being in both nonclinical (e.g. Busseri et al, 2009;Goodman et al, 2018) and clinical samples (Rzeszutek et al, 2019). This result is consistent with studies showing that life satisfaction is dependent upon one's current mood and emotional state (Schwarz & Strack, 1999), as well as with theories suggesting the relationship between affective experience and cognitive evaluation of life is bidirectional (Lazarus, 1991).…”

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“…Furthermore, several recent studies have shown that psychosocial variables outweighed the medical parameters as predictors and correlates of psychological well-being (PWB) of PLWH (e.g. Cooper, Clatworthy, Harding, Whetham, & Consortium, 2017 ; Rzeszutek, Gruszczyńska, & Firląg-Burkacka, 2018 ). However, PLWH still suffer from intense HIV-related distress and consistently report a much poorer well-being level when compared to patients suffering from other chronic illnesses (Cooper et al, 2017 ).…”

Mental Strength and Challenges among Thai Medical Students in Their Clinical Years—Study Protocol

“…Well-being is also proposed in six components which are purpose in life, environmental mastery, positive relationships, personal growth, autonomy and self-acceptance [ 12 ]. Although factors that affect the well-being may vary according to cultural influences, personality or social background [ 8 , 13 ], the six core values remain the same. Well-being is not a stable state.…”