Socio-spatial Segregation in Metropolitan Lima, Peru

Abstract

The development of Latin American cities is characterized by formal and informal urban development patterns, weak land-use planning, inequitable economic opportunities, and unequal social divisions. These and other factors have created divergent, and highly fragmented patterns of spatial segregation at all geographic levels. However, little empirical evidence has captured the extent and magnitude of spatial segregation of the poor within specific mega-cities. The combination of advanced spatial segregation indicators with statistical measures allows for the detection and measurement of segregation between multiple groups at multiple scales across the urban region. The paper explores the extent of spatial segregation of different socio-economic groups in Lima, Peru, using 1993 census and more recently released data, presenting a methodology for integrating older and newer data sources. The results indicate that segregation across the Metropolitan Region is localized, with "pockets" of difference across otherwise seemingly homogeneous areas. El desarrollo de las ciudades latinoamericanas es caracterizado por patrones de desarrollo urbano formales e informales, planificación débil de uso del suelo, oportunidades económicas injustas y divisiones sociales desiguales. Estos y otros factores, han creado patrones de segregación espacial divergentes y muy fragmentados a todos niveles geográficos. Sin embargo, poca evidencia empírica ha captado el grado y magnitud de la segregación espacial de los pobres dentro de mega-ciudades específicas. La combinación de indicadores avanzados de segregación espacial con medidas estadísticas, permite la detección y medición de la segregación entre múltiples grupos y escalas dentro de la región urbana. Este estudio explora el grado de segregación espacial de distintos grupos socioeconómicos en Lima, Perú, utilizando datos del censo de 1993 y otros datos recientes, presentando una metodología que integra fuentes de datos nuevos y viejos. Los resultados indican que la segregación en la región metropolitana está localizada en "bolsillos" de diferencias a lo largo y ancho de áreas aparentemente homogéneas.

Posted Migration and Segregation in the European Construction Sector

“…Therefore, we build in this paper upon a definition of segregation that emphasizes the social distance and social interaction among posted workers and between posted workers and other groups (cf. Peters and Skop, 2007). We find factors which reinforce posted workers' socio-spatial segregation and home country orientation to include: the temporary nature of posted work, the fact they do not bring families, language barriers, the employer-arranged character of their mobility, and the workplace-focus of the spaces where they reside and socialize.…”

Spatial Mobility of Migrant Workers in Beijing, China

“…On one hand, different cities take different actions such as clearing up, regulating, tolerating, legitimizing and making improvements to deal with slum housing, as refl ected in wide selection of dissertations written by different authors (Alpana 2003 ;Kumar and Aggarwal 2003 ;Fan 2011 ;Peters and Skop 2007 ;Rojas 2002 ;Gorell 1990 ). On the other hand, the inhabitants also hold different attitudes towards slum housing.…”

“…Historically, urban growth patterns and economic instability contributed to a good degree of social mixing in large extensions of the city. In the late 1980s and 1990s, although wealthy areas were easily identifi able, it was common to fi nd poor settlements built near them, or neighbourhoods shared by low-or middle-income households (Peters and Skop 2007 ;Sanchez 2008 ). In the 2000s, the growing income and occupational polarization incurred socio-economic residential segregation (Portes and Roberts 2005 ).…”

Population Mobility, Urban Planning and Management in China

“…Table 17.2 displays a comparison of governance styles applied to urban informalities in the Chinese primary cities and those in Latin America and India. Firstly, Governance towards urban informalities Long-term acquiescence to the existence of urban informalities before being planned as land reinvestment projects Tolerating irregular settlements, eventually providing them with basic public services and legalizing these illegal properties A governmental cooperation with the local village landlords to supervise the floating population The gradual democratization of urban housing laws, to ensure a stable flow of housing credits to rural migrants, to protect them against illegal evictions, to facilitate their participation in housing process, and to provide basic services in areas of urban informality (see Castillo 2000) Since the 2000s, the Indian government has made efforts to evict the poor from the central city and push them to degraded areas on the periphery to present the primary city as a global city, to be the 'next Shanghai' (Kundu 2004 (2003), Kumar and Aggarwal (2003), Fan (2011), Peters and Skop (2007), Rojas (2002), Gorell (1990) and Turner (1967) Notes: a The bench mark for rural housing compensation was defined by the local governments. Local landlords claim cash compensation according to old housing areas, locational traits, and construction costs.…”