Sociobehavioral Correlates of HIV Risk among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Chhattisgarh, India: Analysis of Sentinel Surveillance Data

Saha, Malay Kumar; Mahapatra, Tanmay; Biswas, Subrata; Ghosh, Piyali; Mahapatra, Sanchita; Deb, Aloke Kumar; Diwan, Kshitiz

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2013.068

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As has been shown previously, the presence of STI is positively associated with HIV infection in MSM due to variety of reasons [11]. In our study, we found higher HIV prevalence in men who did not have any female partners; this is similar to a Brazilian study [20], but is in contrast to another Indian study by Saha et al [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Sexually transmitted infections and HIV in self reporting men who have sex with men: A two-year study from India

Aggarwal

Bhattar

Sahani

et al. 2016

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Homosexuality is not legally and socially accepted in India. Thus, this area of research has largely been ignored by Indian authors, resulting in dearth of knowledge, particularly with respect to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in this high-risk group. Over a period of two years (2013-2014), 738 males sought care at skin and venereal diseases clinics, 52 (7.05%, 95% CI=5.4-9.14%) of who identified themselves as MSM and were enrolled in the study. Diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical presentation and laboratory testing, wherever indicated. Thirty six percent of MSM had only homosexual preferences, while 64% were bisexual. The most common sexually transmitted infection was genital warts (23.08%, 95% CI=13.58-36.28%). Fourteen patients (26.92%, 95% CI=16.67-40.35%) were VDRL and TPHA positive (two, five and four with primary syphilis, secondary syphilis and latent syphilis, respectively). These were followed by genital herpes (11.54%, 95% CI=5.03-23.34%), genital molluscum contagiosum (9.62% 95% CI=3.75-21.04%), and gonorrhea (5.77%, 95% CI=1.38-16.25%). Of those tested, 23.08% (95% CI=13.58-36.28%) of patients were reactive for HIV serology. Thus, MSM is a high-risk group with high prevalence of HIV and other STIs in this group, mandating greater focus, education and counseling.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Sexually transmitted infections and HIV in self reporting men who have sex with men: A two-year study from India

Aggarwal

Bhattar

Sahani

et al. 2016

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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“…Forty-seven articles [ 48 – 94 ] reported correlates of HIV-related risk among MSM and TGW. Among MSM, significant correlates of HIV risk behaviors/indicators such as condomless sex [ 48 – 50 , 58 , 64 , 77 , 78 , 92 , 93 ], infrequent HIV testing [ 60 , 65 , 72 , 74 ], and HIV/STI positivity [ 48 , 51 , 55 , 79 ] were low literacy and unemployment [ 48 , 76 , 77 ], alcohol and/or drug use [ 54 , 60 , 64 , 65 , 79 , 90 , 93 ], engagement in sex work [ 49 , 60 , 61 , 65 , 67 , 68 , 75 , 76 , 78 ], higher number of male sexual partners [ 48 – 50 , 53 , 56 , 72 , 74 ], early age of sexual debut [ 93 ], and low HIV risk perception [ 60 , 65 , 72 , 74 ]. Six of the 47 articles included data on TGW; five of these [ 79 , 81 ,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Chakrapani

Newman

Shunmugam

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Amid incremental progress in establishing an enabling legal and policy environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer-identified people, and people with intersex variations (LGBTQI+) in India, evidence gaps on LGBTQI+ health are of increasing concern. To that end, we conducted a scoping review to map and synthesize the current evidence base, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research. We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. We systematically searched 14 databases to identify peer-reviewed journal articles published in English language between January 1, 2010 and November 20, 2021, that reported empirical qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods data on LGBTQI+ people’s health in India. Out of 3,003 results in total, we identified 177 eligible articles; 62% used quantitative, 31% qualitative, and 7% mixed methods. The majority (55%) focused on gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM), 16% transgender women, and 14% both of these populations; 4% focused on lesbian and bisexual women, and 2% on transmasculine people. Overall, studies reported high prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections; multilevel risk factors for HIV; high levels of mental health burden linked to stigma, discrimination, and violence victimization; and non-availability of gender-affirmative medical care in government hospitals. Few longitudinal studies and intervention studies were identified. Findings suggest that LGBTQI+ health research in India needs to move beyond the predominant focus on HIV, and gay men/MSM and transgender women, to include mental health and non-communicable diseases, and individuals across the LGBTQI+ spectrum. Future research should build on largely descriptive studies to include explanatory and intervention studies, beyond urban to rural sites, and examine healthcare and service needs among LGBTQI+ people across the life course. Increased Indian government funding for LGBTQI+ health research, including dedicated support and training for early career researchers, is crucial to building a comprehensive and sustainable evidence base to inform targeted health policies and programs moving forward.

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“…Forty-seven articles [48–94] reported correlates of HIV-related risk among MSM and TGW. Among MSM, significant correlates of HIV risk behaviors/indicators—i.e., condomless sex [48-50, 58, 64, 77, 78, 92, 93], infrequent HIV testing [60, 65, 72, 74], and HIV/STI positivity [48, 51, 55, 79]—were low literacy and unemployment [48, 76, 77], alcohol and/or drug use [54, 60, 64, 65, 79, 90, 93], engagement in sex work [49, 60, 61, 65, 67, 68, 75, 76, 78], higher number of male sexual partners [48-50, 53, 56, 72, 74], early age of sexual debut [93], and low HIV risk perception [60, 65, 72, 74]. Six of the 47 articles included data on TGW; five of these [79, 81, 84, 87, 89] did not provide details on correlates of HIV risk behaviors, with one study [94] reporting that having a male regular partner was associated with HIV seropositivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Chakrapani

Newman

Shunmugam

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amid incremental progress in establishing an enabling legal and policy environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer-identified people, and people with intersex variations (LGBTQI+) in India, evidence gaps on LGBTQI+ health are of increasing concern. To that end, we conducted a scoping review to map and synthesize the current evidence base, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research. We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. We systematically searched 14 databases to identify peer-reviewed journal articles published in English language between January 1, 2010 and November 20, 2021, that reported empirical qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods data on LGBTQI+ people's health in India. Out of 3,003 results in total, we identified 177 eligible articles; 62% used quantitative, 31% qualitative, and 7% mixed methods. The majority (55%) focused on gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM), 16% transgender women, and 14% both of these populations; 4% focused on lesbian and bisexual women, and 2% on transmasculine people. Overall, studies reported high HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevalence; multilevel risk factors for HIV; high levels of mental health burden linked to stigma, discrimination and violence victimization; and non-availability of gender-affirmative medical services in government hospitals. Few longitudinal studies and intervention studies were identified. Overall, LGBTQI+ health research in India needs to move beyond the predominant focus on HIV, and gay men/MSM and transgender women, to include mental health and non-communicable diseases, and individuals across the LGBTQI+ spectrum. Future research should build on largely descriptive studies to include explanatory and intervention studies, beyond urban to rural sites, and examine healthcare and service needs among LGBTQI+ people across the life course. Dedicated funding and training for junior investigators conducting LGBTQI+ health research is crucial to building a comprehensive evidence base to inform health policies and programs.

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Sociobehavioral Correlates of HIV Risk among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Chhattisgarh, India: Analysis of Sentinel Surveillance Data

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Sexually transmitted infections and HIV in self reporting men who have sex with men: A two-year study from India

Sexually transmitted infections and HIV in self reporting men who have sex with men: A two-year study from India

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

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