Sociodemographic and environmental factors associated with diarrhoeal illness in children under 5 years in Uganda, 2021: A Cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Uganda is among the 10 countries in the sub-Saharan Africa region that have the highest prevalence of diarrhoeal disease. Evidence suggests that the severity of childhood diarrhoeal disease is escalated through various sociodemographic and environmental factors. Objectives: To assess prevalence of diarrheal illness in children below the age of 5 years in Uganda in 2021 and associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed that analyzed secondary data from the 2021 Uganda Demography and Health Surveys. Statistically significant differences for children with and without diarrhea were compared. A logistic regression was used to determine sociodemographic and environmental factors associated with diarrheal illness in children. Results: The prevalence of childhood diarrheal illness for children below the age of 5 years in Uganda was 20.9% (n = 2838/13,753). There was a statistically significant difference when comparing children diarrhoea for caregiver’s age, child’s age and sex and duration of breastfeeding (p<0.0001). Children with a caregiver aged between 15–24 years (aOR;1.42; 95% CI:1.24–1.62) and 25–34 years (aOR;1.19; 95% CI:1.04–1.37) were more likely to report diarrhoeal disease, compared to those with a caregiver aged 35–49 years. Households using springs, access to health facility and children who received a dose of vitamin A had a decreased risk of reporting children diarrhoeal. Conclusion: Significant factors in the study like caregiver’s age, sex and duration of breastfeeding will create the opportunity for all interventions to shift their focus to these factors thus a better evidence-based approach to reducing of diarrhoeal disease will be achieved in the country