Sociodemographic characteristics, social support, and family history as factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among young adult senior high school students in metro Manila, Philippines, during the COVID-19 pandemic

Serrano, Ian Marie Atasha; Cuyugan, Anne Marie Nicole; Cruz, Krischel; Mahusay, Jan Mae Ann; Alibudbud, Rowalt

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1225035

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The study also revealed that female students had 1.6 times- higher risk of anxiety compared to male students. This finding is supported by a number of studies ( 33 , 38 , 41 , 48 , 65 , 78 – 81 ) and could be due to the combination of lower stress resistance and higher household workloads typically borne by women compared to men ( 82 , 83 ). Additionally, the hormonal changes experienced during puberty, including menstruation, may elevate the likelihood of anxiety in women ( 82 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Genetic predisposition plays a role in this association, as certain inherited traits or vulnerabilities can increase the likelihood of developing anxiety disorders. Additionally, shared environmental factors within families, such as parenting styles or exposure to stressful events, can contribute to the transmission of anxiety-related behaviors and coping mechanisms from one generation to the next ( 43 – 48 ). Exposure to war situations, such as witnessing the murder of family or friends is another risk factor for developing anxiety, as studies have revealed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When individuals lack strong support systems, nurturing relationships, or a sense of belonging, they experience an increased risk of developing anxiety. Social support plays a crucial role in buffering the negative effects of stress and providing a sense of security ( 48 , 51 ). Individuals who have been subjected to torture or physical abuse are at an elevated risk of developing anxiety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating war trauma, its effects, and associated risk factors on anxiety among high school students in Woldia town, northeast Ethiopia, 2022

Kassa,

Anbesaw,

Nakie

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundAnxiety symptoms are the most frequent mental health problems in the world, and it is a serious public health concern, especially among adolescents, because if left untreated, adolescent anxiety can have a number of detrimental effects, including lower academic performance, strained relationships with friends and family, substance addiction, thoughts of suicide and homicide, and trouble finding work. While this vulnerability is concerning in all situations, it is particularly critical in armed conflict areas. Ethiopia is one of the most recent war-affected countries, but to the best of our knowledge, limited studies focused on adolescents in this context. Therefore, this study assessed the experience of war trauma and its effects on anxiety symptoms among high school students in Woldia town, Ethiopia.ObjectiveWe assessed the experience of war trauma and its effects on anxiety among high school students, as well as associated risk factors, in war-affected areas in Woldia town, northeast Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was conducted from May 23 to June 08 2022. Data were collected from high school students in Woldia town. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent factors associated with anxiety.ResultsA total of 624 out of 660 students participated in the study (94.5% response rate). The prevalence of anxiety among high school students in Woldia town was 39.7%. In the multivariable analysis, having depression (AOR = 9.24, 95% CI: 6.27, 13.64), witnessing the murder of family/friends (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.57), being of female sex (AOR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.36), and having a family history of mental illness (AOR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.00, 2.85) were factors significantly associated with anxiety.Conclusions and recommendationsThe prevalence of anxiety in this study was approximately two in five high school students. Therefore, we recommend that the Ministry of Education collaborate with the Ministry of Health to expand and implement mental health services in high schools to promote the wellbeing of students for the prevention of anxiety.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating war trauma, its effects, and associated risk factors on anxiety among high school students in Woldia town, northeast Ethiopia, 2022

Kassa,

Anbesaw,

Nakie

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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“… 18 Although there have been numerous articles published on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on students and health workers, including in this Journal, it would be useful to also look at other sectors who may have been affected as well. 19 - 24 On top of the concerns on personal safety and challenges with public transportation shared by most students and health workers, non-health workers are also concerned about their job and food security. 25 , 26…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Now Normal

Tanchuco, MD, MHA

2024

Acta Med Philipp

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The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020 and soon thereafter with 118,000 cases in 114 countries and 4,291 deaths, declared it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. 1,2 In the Philippines, lockdown was declared by then President Rodrigo Duterte on March 15, 2020. 3 It was for an initial one-month period but extended for progressively longer durations afterwards. Adding to the confusion were the various levels of lockdown soon promulgated, subject to the number of COVID-19 cases in the neighborhood. As to be expected, this kept fluctuating over time and disrupted the way people were able to go to work and do their day-to-day activities outside of their homes. More stress was added because of the lack of meaningful information onCOVID-19, sowing anxiety and fear among the populace. 4-6 One of the more visible effects of the pandemic lockdown was the change in allowed modes of public transportation. 7 This was most difficult for people in the Philippines who got sick of COVID-19 themselves and health workers who had to continue taking care of the rapidly rising COVID-19 cases. 8,9 For those who could choose to continue working from home, they had to quickly familiarize themselves with the digital platforms, skills needed to work with gadgets and devices, as well as the need for internet services. Although initially thought to offer more work flexibility, time saved from taking public transportation and traffic congestion, and being in a more convenient working environment, working from home was soon seen to cause its own mental health issues. 10-13 With this information, it has increasingly become necessary to constantly evaluate working from home arrangements and configure it more specifically to the needs of the worker and/or the job role. 14-17 In this context, we bring attention to an article from Indonesia published in this issue of the journal by Wibowo and colleagues. 18 Although there have been numerous articles published on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on students and health workers, including in this Journal, it would be useful to also look at other sectors who may have been affected as well. 19-24 On top of the concerns on personal safety and challenges with public transportation shared by most students and health workers, non-health workers are also concerned about their job and food security. 25,26 The paper by Wibobo et al., first published as an Early Access article in the Journal a year ago, involved technical and field workers (construction, manufacturing, mining, oil, and gas industries) who did not have the same option to work from home. 18 These workers were already being exposed to significant workplace hazards even prior to the pandemic. 27-30 For its part, the study looked into psychological (feeling of safety and work pressure) and organizational (management commitment) factors as determinants of job satisfaction. Questionnaires were handed out during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The authors reported that workers’ feelings of safety and work pressures were significant determinants of employee job satisfaction; but management commitment was not. As the authors discussed, this was contrary to most organizational strategic goals. To be effective, Management should be seen as sincerely concerned about the safety of their employees. Whether this was because Management lacked adequate information on COVID-19 to help deal with it in the workplace setting or there was truly a perceived lack of Management concern for worker safety even before the pandemic was less clear. A similar job satisfaction survey PRIOR to the pandemic for baseline comparison would have been helpful to understand this better. With the available data, it is difficult to definitively attribute the findings in the study to the COVID-19 pandemic. The WHO declared on May 5, 2023 the end to COVID-19 as a public health emergency. 31 The cumulative cases worldwide up to that time stood at 765,222,932 with nearly 7 million deaths. This does not mean however that we go back to the way we were before the pandemic. Our experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic have given us new insights and we could adapt many of the ways we have changed our practices to how we do them now. Whether it is for the remote or hybrid worker or those who would still need to be present in their worksite, it is possible to adopt many of these measures. For the remote worker, individualizing options and not imposing a “one-size-fits all” policy could help lessen the challenges. 32,33 A hybrid model using varying combinations of remote/online approaches with face-to-face interactions should be looked at. Even for those workers who had traditionally been considered as having to be physically present, new technologies (robots, robotics, telemetry, drones, etc.) can be adapted to lessen the exposure to onsitesafety hazards. 34-38

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