Sociodemographic factors affecting perceived stress during pregnancy and the association with immune-mediator concentrations

Abstract

Objectives Determine which sociodemographic factors are most associated with increased maternal perceived stress during pregnancy. Evaluate the association between maternal stress and plasma immune-mediator concentrations (IMCs). Methods As part of a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 247 participants completed a Perceived Stress Scale survey (PSS-10) during each trimester of pregnancy. Blood samples were collected from participants and were analyzed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and for several IMCs: interferon-gamma, interleukins (IL-) IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor, c-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (R&D Elisa). The potential associations between PSS-10 scores, sociodemographic factors, and IMCs were assessed. Results In bivariate analysis, participants who were not married and/or had high risk pregnancies were more likely to have increased PSS-10 scores (p<0.05). Increased PSS-10 scores were associated with higher serum concentrations of IL-2 and TNF-α, and decreased concentrations of IL-10 and 25(OH)D. In linear regression analysis, single marital status, high-risk pregnancy, IL-2, and TNF-α were independent predictors of PSS-10 scores. Conclusions This study identifies specific sociodemographic factors that are associated with increased perceived stress during pregnancy. This study also provides evidence that increased perceived stress is associated with physiological changes as measured by changes in circulating IL-2, TNF-α, IL-10, and 25(OH)D concentrations.

The level of stress in pregnant women during hospitalization in the Pregnancy Pathology department

“…There are many reports in the current literature on the influence of sociodemographic factors on the occurrence of stress in pregnant women (Alves et al 2021;Babu, Murthy, Singh, Nath, Rathnaiah, Saldanha, Deppa, Kinra, 2018;Chanduszko-Salska, Kossakowska, 2018;Effati-Daryani, Somayeh, Mohammadi, Hemati, Yngyknd, Mirghafourvand, 2020;Ghaffar, Iqbal, Khalid, Saleem, Hassali, Baloch, Ahmad, Bashir, Haider, Bashaar, 2017;Kanadys, Tyrańska, Lewicka, Sulima, Bucholc, Wiktor, 2018;Kicia, Skurzak, Korżyńska-Piętas, Palus, Iwanowicz-Palus, 2021;McLeod, Ebeling, Baatz, Shary, Mulligan, Wagner, 2021;Morylowska-Topolska, Makara-Studzińska, Kotarski, 2014). Most reports from research conducted both in Poland and other countries indicate higher levels of stress in pregnant women with lower material status.…”

Inter-cohort analysis of parental risk factors for development of infants

“…), а в Вологодской области -почти на 4 (с 24,3 до 28,1 г.) 10 Согласно исследованиям ученых, одинокие в период ожидания ребенка женщины подвержены наибольшему стрессу, который выступает важным фактором риска здоровью как мамы, так и ребенка [31,32]. По нашим более ранним расчетам, у таких женщин выше вероятность развития анемии в период беременности (ОР = 1,20), ЗВУР плода (ОР = 2,22) и врожденных пороков развития у новорожденного (ОР = 1,66); ребенок значительно чаще болеет на первом году жизни (ОР = 1,13), что может негативно отразиться на ФиНПР ребенка [33].…”

“…Осложнения во время беременности и угроза ее прерывания являются известными факторами риска неблагоприятных исходов для здоровья и развития ребенка [32].…”