Sociodemographic factors affecting viral load suppression among people living with HIV in South Carolina

Influence of Material Deprivation on Clinical Outcomes Among People Living with HIV in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…For instance, the likelihood of virological nonsuppression among Canadian men who have sex with men earning < $15,000 annually were 6-times greater (aOR 6.43; 95% CI 2.08, 19.89), than those earning more, after adjusting for age, ethnicity, sexual orientation, country of birth and other characteristics [77]. However, one study [58] found people living with HIV with an annual household income of < $10,000 were significantly more likely to report virological suppression, compared to those earning $10,000-$24,999 (aOR 0.21; 95% CI 0.06, 0.73) and $25,000-$49,999 (aOR 0.11; 95% CI 0.03, 0.52) [58]. The authors suggest that this may be due to those with lower annual household incomes being more likely to be receiving support linked to the Ryan White Program [58].…”

“…Employment was defined either by status, occupation type or whether work was paid. Of 83 studies, 33 looked at employment with only three studies reporting a significant association with virological suppression after adjustment for confounders [58,103,116]; two associations were negative (those unemployed), one was positive (those employed) (Fig. 3a; Additional file 6).…”

“…Income included components of temporality (e.g., annual), ecological level (e.g., household), sources (e.g., social benefits) and quantities (e.g., < $15,000). Four of 33 studies looking at income found a significant adjusted association with virological suppression [58,77,86,101,103]; three reported a negative association (lower income) and the other two a positive association (higher/mid-range income). For instance, the likelihood of virological nonsuppression among Canadian men who have sex with men earning < $15,000 annually were 6-times greater (aOR 6.43; 95% CI 2.08, 19.89), than those earning more, after adjusting for age, ethnicity, sexual orientation, country of birth and other characteristics [77].…”

“…However, one study [58] found people living with HIV with an annual household income of < $10,000 were significantly more likely to report virological suppression, compared to those earning $10,000-$24,999 (aOR 0.21; 95% CI 0.06, 0.73) and $25,000-$49,999 (aOR 0.11; 95% CI 0.03, 0.52) [58]. The authors suggest that this may be due to those with lower annual household incomes being more likely to be receiving support linked to the Ryan White Program [58]. Sayles et al [86] used federal poverty level (FPL) as a measure of income and found that uninsured people living with HIV in Los Angeles, who were receiving publicly funded healthcare through the Ryan White program, and had an income ≤ 100% FPL were 27% more likely (aOR 1.27; 95% CI 1.15, 1.41) to be virologically non-suppressed than those with an income greater than the FPL.…”

What determines employment quality among people living with HIV: An empirical study in China

“…This convenience sampling method is common among empirical studies on health and employment, because the local CDCs are vital to deliver care, counseling, and support services to PLWH, and thus know most information on PLWH in the local areas [ 29 – 31 ]. Then, the targeted sample was chosen as those employed who were diagnosed with HIV and voluntarily collaborated with the researchers [ 32 ]. Consistent with previous studies [ 26 ], those with severe mental and physical disabilities or had difficulty in reading the survey were excluded.…”