Sociodemographic Markers and Behavioral Correlates of Sexually Transmitted Infections in a Nonclinical Sample of Adolescent and Young Adult Women

Boyer, Cherrie B.; Shafer, Mary–Ann; Pollack, Lance M.; Canchola, Jesse; Moncada, Jeanne; Schachter, Julius

doi:10.1086/506328

Cited by 45 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This finding may indicate that the sex partners of non-Hispanic black women also had a higher prevalence of T. vaginalis infection than did the sex partners of women in other racial/ethnic groups [27]. Although studies for selected clinic populations have also found that the prevalence of trichomoniasis among non-Hispanic black women was higher than that among women from other racial/ethnic groups [28][29][30], this study is the first, to our knowledge, to describe this finding in a nationally representative sample of reproductive-aged women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Reproductive-Age Women in the United States, 2001-2004

Sutton

Sternberg

Koumans

et al. 2007

Clinical Infectious Diseases

449

356

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Background.Trichomonas vaginalis infection is a common sexually transmitted protozoal infection and is associated with several adverse health outcomes, such as preterm birth, delivery of a low-birth weight infant, and facilitation of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. The annual incidence in the United States has been estimated to be 3-5 million cases. However, there are no data on the prevalence of trichomoniasis among all reproductive-age women. We estimated the prevalence of T. vaginalis infection from a nationally representative sample of women in the United States.Methods. Women aged 14-49 years who participated in the National Health and Examination Survey cycles for 2001-2004 provided self-collected vaginal swab specimens. The vaginal fluids extracted from these swabs were evaluated for the presence of T. vaginalis using polymerase chain reaction.Results. Overall, 3754 (81%) of 4646 women provided swab specimens. The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection was 3.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3%-4.3%); for non-Hispanic white women, it was 1.3% (95% CI, 0.7%-2.3%); for Mexican American women, it was 1.8% (95% CI, 0.9%-3.7%); and for non-Hispanic black women, it was 13.3% (95% CI, 10.0%-17.7%). Factors that remained associated with increased likelihood of T. vaginalis infection in multivariable analyses included non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity, being born in the United States, a greater number of lifetime sex partners, increasing age, lower educational level, poverty, and douching.Conclusions. The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection among women in the United States was 3.1%. A significant racial disparity exists; the prevalence among non-Hispanic black women was 10.3 times higher than that among non-Hispanic white and Mexican American women. Optimal prevention and control strategies for T. vaginalis infection should be explored as a means of closing the racial disparity gaps and decreasing adverse health outcomes due to T. vaginalis infection. Trichomonas vaginalis infection is a common sexually

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Reproductive-Age Women in the United States, 2001-2004

Sutton

Sternberg

Koumans

et al. 2007

Clinical Infectious Diseases

449

356

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Insight into the mechanisms that drive the burden of these infections is essential for disease control. In addition to age, HIV infection, and behavioral factors, microbiological characteristics, including bacterial load, may play an important role in the risk of transmission, clinical presentation, and course of infection (6,(11)(12)(13)(14). Chlamydial load has been associated with clinical presentation, severity of infection, and transmissibility in animal models and in patients with ocular C. trachomatis infection (15-17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Microbiological Characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections in South African Women

et al. 2016

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h We analyzed data of 263 women with at least one genital or anorectal sexually transmitted infection from a cross-sectional study conducted in rural South Africa. We provide new insights concerning the concurrence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Trichomonas vaginalis infections as well as the characteristics of bacterial loads. Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STI) in the world (1). The course of these infections is unpredictable and diverse (2-7). Most infections in women are asymptomatic and frequently remain unrecognized, which increases the risk for reproductive tract complications (6,(8)(9)(10). Insight into the mechanisms that drive the burden of these infections is essential for disease control. In addition to age, HIV infection, and behavioral factors, microbiological characteristics, including bacterial load, may play an important role in the risk of transmission, clinical presentation, and course of infection (6,(11)(12)(13)(14). Chlamydial load has been associated with clinical presentation, severity of infection, and transmissibility in animal models and in patients with ocular C. trachomatis infection (15-17). Gonorrheal loads have been shown to differ between anatomic locations and associated clinical presentations in men (18). Although real-time PCR and quantitation of DNA load have the potential of revealing new insights into the characteristics of infection, there is only limited literature about the relevance of bacterial load and frequency of concurrent STI in women (19,20). Knowledge about microbiological characteristics of infection could possibly help to improve understanding of the differences in STI prevalences at the population level. This study aimed to evaluate the concurrence and bacterial loads of genital and anorectal C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections in South African women from a setting of high HIV prevalence.This study was a subanalysis of a previously described crosssectional study of 604 women in rural Mopani District, South Africa (21). In brief, consenting women 18 to 49 years of age who reported sexual activity during the previous 6 months were eligible. Questionnaires were completed and vaginal, anorectal and pharyngeal swabs (Copan Diagnostics, Brescia, Italy) were obtained by health care workers and stored at Ϫ20°C. Menses on the day of recruitment and refusal to have all three anatomic sites tested were exclusion criteria. Symptomatic women were treated the same day according to local treatment protocols, which include a notification slip for the partner. Asymptomatic women with an STI proven by molecular detection were called to return to the clinic for specific treatment. For the evaluation presented in this article, we selected all women (n ϭ 263) vaginally and/or anorectally infected with at least one of the following pathogens: C. trachomatis (n ϭ 107), N. gonorrhoeae (n ϭ 66), Mycoplasma genitalium (n ϭ 66), and Trichomonas vagina...

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“…Sexual health is an important arena in which to study men's health seeking behaviors as their decisions about whether or not to seek care in this area affects not only their own health, but that of their sex partners as well. The asymptomatic nature of many STIs; Boyer et al, 2006;Todd, Haase, & Stoner, 2001) means that during adoles cence and young adulthood, the peak years for such infections, sexually active young men are in need of STI screening even when they feel fine, a particularly hard-to-motivate form of health care seeking behavior. Finally, the elemental position that men's sexual behavior assumes in their masculinity constructions and their perceived need for SHC increases the potential impact of these constructions on their health care seeking behavior in this arena.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Men Do…Real Men Don’t: Young Latino and African American Men’s Discourses Regarding Sexual Health Care Utilization

Kalmuss

Austrian

2009

Am J Mens Health

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There is growing recognition that men as well as women have a need for sexual and reproductive health care. At a minimum they need information and counseling, and, when relevant, testing and treatment related to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), birth control, pregnancy prevention, emergency contraception, reproductive cancers, and the basics of sexual development and supportive healthy intimate relationships (Alan Guttmacher Institute, 2003;Brindis et al., 2005;Lindberg, Sonfield, & Gemmill, 2008;Sonenstein, 2000;Sonenstein et al., 2004;Sonfield, 2002). While historically such services have targeted women, compelling arguments have been advanced for providing sexual health care (SHC) services to men, the primary one being that sexual health outcomes are rooted in sexual relationships which typically involve men and women. As such, efforts to improve the sexual health of individuals and communities cannot succeed by focusing only on women. These arguments for the need to augment male sexual and reproductive health services have been affirmed at the federal level by Healthy People 2010 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 2000) and by the Family Planning Male Research Program administered by the Office of Family Planning, the U.S. federal agency that is responsible for Title X, the national family planning program.Despite the above, men's sexual and reproductive health care needs are not being met in the United States. An analysis of data from the male sample of the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth indicated that in the year before the survey, half of sexually active men between the ages of 20 and 44 had received no SHC (Kalmuss & Tatum, 2007). Moreover, men who received care tended to receive services that were neither comprehensive nor integrated. For example, the most common sexual health service that men received was a testicular exam; half of men who received SHC in the past year received a testicular exam and no other services.Several systemic factors have been suggested as explanations for the high levels of unmet need for SHC among men. These include economic barriers in the form of limited access to public or private health insurance, insurance plans that do not cover sexual and reproductive health services for men, and the lack of resources to pay for such services without insurance In addition, there is an insufficient supply of clinical sites where men can receive comprehensive sexual health services, and a lack of targeted sexual health AbstractThere is growing recognition that men as well as women need sexual health care (SHC) services. Despite this, male friendly sexual health services are not readily available in the United States, and men are underutilizing the services that are available. This situation needs to be rectified to improve sexual health outcomes for men and women. In this study we conducted 10 focus groups with young adult Latino and African American men to examine their perceptions of the factors influencing SHC utilization among the men they know, w...

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Sociodemographic Markers and Behavioral Correlates of Sexually Transmitted Infections in a Nonclinical Sample of Adolescent and Young Adult Women

Abstract: The high prevalence of STIs in this nonclinical sample of young women suggests the need for ongoing screening and prevention interventions that target young, healthy, sexually active women.

Cited by 45 publications

References 58 publications

The Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Reproductive-Age Women in the United States, 2001-2004

The Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Reproductive-Age Women in the United States, 2001-2004

Microbiological Characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections in South African Women

Real Men Do…Real Men Don’t: Young Latino and African American Men’s Discourses Regarding Sexual Health Care Utilization

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