Sociodemographic Variation of Caries Risk Factors in Toddlers and Caregivers

Eckert, George J.; Jackson, Richard; Fontana, Margherita

doi:10.1155/2010/593487

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The caries risk questionnaire initially included 143 items abstracted from existing caries risk instruments and relevant sociodemographic and clinical risk variables. These items were pilot tested in a 12-mo trial with a panel of 399 toddlers from an underserved urban U.S. population to identify risk factors to predict caries progression in primary health care settings (Eckert et al 2010; Fontana et al 2011). The pilot study defined “high risk” to include only children who developed and/or had lesions progress to cavitation (International Caries Detection and Assessment System score ≥3) or had fillings placed during the test period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Caries in Medical Settings: Risk Factors in Diverse Infant Groups

et al. 2018

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Expanded partnership with the medical community is a promising strategy for reducing disparities in dental caries among young children. However, no validated caries risk instrument exists for use in primary health care settings. To help resolve this gap, a 52-item caries risk questionnaire was developed and targeted to primary caregivers (PCGs) to test in a 3-y prospective study. To begin to understand the validity of the questionnaire items, the purpose of this study was to compare responses to the questionnaire based on key demographic characteristics known to be associated with disparities in caries experience (e.g., race/ethnicity and insurance status). A total of 1,323 one-year-old children were recruited primarily through 3 medical research networks. Baseline questionnaire responses were analyzed via logistic regression. The sample was 49% female. Its racial/ethnic makeup was as follows: 13% Hispanic, 37% White, 37% Black, and 13% other or multiracial. Sixty-one percent were enrolled in Medicaid, and 95% resided in urban communities. Mothers represented 94% of PCGs. There were significant differences ( P < 0.05) in baseline responses based on Medicaid status and race/ethnicity. As compared with those not enrolled in Medicaid, children in the Medicaid group were significantly more likely (after adjusting for race/ethnicity) to 1) go to sleep while nursing or drinking something other than water, 2) eat sugary snacks between meals, 3) consume sugary drinks between meals, 4) receive topical fluoride from a health professional, 5) visit the dentist, and 6) not have an employed adult in the household. PCGs of children enrolled in Medicaid were significantly more likely to be the mother, have bleeding gums, eat sugary snacks between meals, consume sugary drinks between meals, eat or drink something other than water before going to bed, and not get regular dental checkups. In conclusion, there are significant differences in caries risk questionnaire responses based on Medicaid status and race/ethnicity that provide construct and criterion validity to the developed caries risk tool (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01707797).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Caries in Medical Settings: Risk Factors in Diverse Infant Groups

et al. 2018

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“…Because of the multifactorial nature of the caries process, and the fact that the disease is very dynamic (e.g., lesions can progress and/or regress), studies on risk assessment tend to be complex, with a multitude of variables challenging the prediction at different times during life (Twetman and Fontana, 2009). In addition, risk factors may vary based on race, culture, and ethnicity (Huntington et al, 2002;Shiboski et al, 2003;Eckert et al, 2010;Fontana et al, 2010). For a clinician, the concepts of risk assessment and prognosis are an essential part of clinical decision-making.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Caries Progression in a Hispanic School-aged Population

et al. 2011

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“…Teeth were cleaned, dried, and assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) criteria ( ICDAS Coordinating Committee 2012 ) by calibrated dental professionals. A self-reported 53-item questionnaire (DCR-007-Primary Caregiver Questionnaire) was used in the parental study ( Eckert et al 2010 ; Fontana et al 2011 ; Daly et al 2016 ; Fontana et al 2019 ). Only general questions (demographics, delivery mode, Medicaid) about the child and the caregiver were included in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maturation of the Oral Microbiome in Caries-Free Toddlers: A Longitudinal Study

et al. 2019

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Understanding the development of the oral microbiota in healthy children is of great importance to oral and general health. However, limited data exist on a healthy maturation of the oral microbial ecosystem in children. Moreover, the data are biased by mislabeling “caries-free” populations. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the healthy salivary and dental plaque microbiome in young children. Caries-free (ICDAS [International Caries Detection and Assessment System] score 0) children ( n = 119) and their primary caregivers were followed from 1 until 4 y of child age. Salivary and dental plaque samples were collected from the children at 3 time points (T1, ~1 y old; T2, ~2.5 y old; and T3, ~4 y old). Only saliva samples were collected from the caregivers. Bacterial V4 16S ribosomal DNA amplicons were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. The reads were denoised and mapped to the zero-radius operational taxonomic units (zOTUs). Taxonomy was assigned using HOMD. The microbial profiles of children showed significant differences ( P = 0.0001) over time. Various taxa increased, including Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, and Corynebacterium, while others showed significant decreases (e.g., Alloprevotella and Capnocytophaga) in their relative abundances over time. Microbial diversity and child-caregiver similarity increased most between 1 and 2.5 y of age while still not reaching the complexity of the caregivers at 4 y of age. The microbiome at 1 y of age differed the most from those at later time points. A single zOTU ( Streptococcus) was present in all samples ( n = 925) of the study. A large variation in the proportion of shared zOTUs was observed within an individual child over time (2% to 42% of zOTUs in saliva; 2.5% to 38% in dental plaque). These findings indicate that the oral ecosystem of caries-free toddlers is highly heterogeneous and dynamic with substantial changes in microbial composition over time and only few taxa persisting across the 3 y of the study. The salivary microbiome of 4-y-old children is still distinct from that of their caregivers.

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Sociodemographic Variation of Caries Risk Factors in Toddlers and Caregivers

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Predicting Caries in Medical Settings: Risk Factors in Diverse Infant Groups

Predicting Caries in Medical Settings: Risk Factors in Diverse Infant Groups

Risk Factors of Caries Progression in a Hispanic School-aged Population

Maturation of the Oral Microbiome in Caries-Free Toddlers: A Longitudinal Study

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