Socioeconomic and behavioural determinants of overweight/obesity among adults in Botswana: a cross-sectional study

Keetile, Mpho; Navaneetham, Kannan; Letamo, Gobopamang; Bainame, Kenabetsho; Rakgoasi, Serai Daniel; Gabaitiri, Lesego; Masupe, Tiny; Molebatsi, Robert M.

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029570

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…We found a negative effect of smoking on obesity, and the finding was supported by some past studies ( 9 , 21 ). In contrast, some published studies reported a positive association ( 23 , 25 ). The negative effect of smoking on obesity could be related to the fact that smoking suppresses appetite and body weight by raising the metabolic rate and energy expenditure and a decrease in metabolic efficiency or calorie intake ( 44 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…There is less opportunity for physical activity and most people engage in sedentary jobs that contribute to obesity ( 37 ). However, some studies have reported that obesity prevalence is rising in rural areas more than in cities ( 23 , 38 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of smoking and alcohol drinking on obesity have been also broadly examined in various studies that have presented contradicting results. Some research suggested an inverse association ( 9 , 13 , 21 , 22 ) and others a positive association ( 21 , 23 – 25 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Human Development Index on Obesity Prevalence at the Global Level: A Spatial Analysis

Shiri

Emamgholipour

Heydari

et al. 2023

ijph

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Background: Obesity is one of the major public health concerns, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effect of human development index on the prevalence of obesity across 152 countries. Methods: Country-level data on obesity prevalence and its influencing variables related to 152 countries were obtained during 2000-2019 from several sources. A Spatial Bayesian Hierarchical model was employed in this research, and the analyses were performed using R statistical software (version 3.6.1). Results: We found a positive relation between HDI and obesity prevalence, in such a way if low HDI countries advance to high HDI countries, the obesity rate is expected to increase significantly by 7.45%. Moreover, the association between obesity prevalence and the percentage of people aged 40-59 (β=0.07), urbanization rate (β=0.11), percentage of internet users (β=0.01), percentage of alcohol users (β=0.16), milk consumption per capita (β=0.15) and Percentage of depression (β=0.58) was significantly positive. Conversely, per capita consumption of fruits and vegetables (β=-0.15), and smoking rate (β=-0.02) was negatively associated with obesity prevalence. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity is growing across all countries, especially in the countries with high and very high HDI. Therefore, policymakers must also pay attention to the negative effects of development when trying to improve the welfare of society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Human Development Index on Obesity Prevalence at the Global Level: A Spatial Analysis

Shiri

Emamgholipour

Heydari

et al. 2023

ijph

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Weight gain during pregnancy among women initiating dolutegravir in Botswana

et al. 2020

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Background: Recent data suggests clinically significant weight gain among non-pregnant HIV-positive adults after starting dolutegravir-based ART (DTG). Excess or insufficient weight gain in pregnancy could adversely impact pregnancy outcomes, but data for pregnant women receiving DTG are limited. Methods: The Tsepamo Study captured data at delivery sites in Botswana from 2014 to 2019. HIV testing, HIV treatment information, and weight measurements during antenatal care were abstracted from the maternity obstetric record at delivery. HIV-positive women initiating DTG or efavirenz-based ART (EFV) between conception and 17 weeks gestation and HIV-uninfected women first presenting for antenatal care before 17 weeks gestation were included. We evaluated weekly weight gain, total 18-week weight gain, excess weight gain (>0.59 kg/week), insufficient weight gain (<0.18 kg/week), and weight loss between 18 §2 and 36 §2 weeks gestation, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Findings: Baseline characteristics were similar by exposure group, including pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy weight. Compared with EFV, mean weekly weight gain between 18 and 36 weeks gestation was 0.05 (95% CI 0.03, 0.07) kg/week higher for women initiating DTG and 0.12 (0.10, 0.14) kg/week higher for HIVuninfected women. Mean 18-week weight gain was 1.05 (95% CI 0.61, 1.49) kg higher for women initiating DTG and 2.31 (1.85, 2.77) kg higher for HIV-uninfected women, compared with EFV. Women initiating DTG were more likely to gain excess weight but less likely to gain insufficient weight or lose weight than women initiating EFV. Interpretation: Women initiating DTG compared with EFV during pregnancy gained more weight between 18 and 36 weeks gestation. Neither group gained as much weight as HIV-uninfected women. Initiating DTG compared with EFV during pregnancy could increase the risk of excess weight gain but decrease the risk of insufficient weight gain and weight loss, which could have positive and negative consequences in pregnancy. Our findings are consistent with prior studies in non-pregnant adults.

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Gender differences in dietary behaviours, health-related habits and prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Botswana

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in the prevalence non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and in associated health-related habits, weight status and common risk factors in Botswana. Data were from the cross-sectional, population-based Botswana STEPS Survey II conducted in 2014. A total sample of 2947 survey participants aged 25–64 years were included the study. The results showed that a statistically significant higher percentage of men used tobacco compared with women (34.4%, 95% CI: 33.5–35.1 vs 4.4%, 95% CI: 4.3–4.5). Men also had consistently and statistically significantly greater heavy alcohol consumption and lower fruit and/or vegetable consumption than women. Physical inactivity among women was higher than in men. Controlling for other factors, men had a higher probability of being overweight (28.7%, 95% CI: 28.6–28.8 vs 18.3%, 95% CI: 18.0–18.6) and obese (25.8%, 95% CI: 25.4–26.2 vs 10.2%, 95% CI: 9.9–10.5) than women. Women were at a greater risk of developing NCDs compared with men since their adjusted prevalence of having at least three common risk factors was higher than men’s. Women had a higher adjusted predicted prevalence of suffering from hypertension than men (39.4%, 95% CI: 38.9–40.0 vs 26.1%, 95% CI: 25.5–26.8). Appropriate policies and programmes need to be adopted to urgently address the problem of NCDs in Botswana.

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Socioeconomic and behavioural determinants of overweight/obesity among adults in Botswana: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

The Effect of Human Development Index on Obesity Prevalence at the Global Level: A Spatial Analysis

The Effect of Human Development Index on Obesity Prevalence at the Global Level: A Spatial Analysis

Weight gain during pregnancy among women initiating dolutegravir in Botswana

Gender differences in dietary behaviours, health-related habits and prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Botswana

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