Socioeconomic and health-related inequalities in major depressive symptoms among older adults: a Wagstaff’s decomposition analysis of data from the LASI baseline survey, 2017–2018

Muhammad, T.; Skariah, Anjali Elsa; Kumar, Manish; Srivastava, Shobhit

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054730

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, the analysis method and plan, is another reason for differences between studies. Similar to our results, other studies in Spain [ 44 ] Korea [ 45 ], India [ 46 ], South Africa [ 47 ], and US [ 48 ], have shown a pro-rich inequality in depression with different extents. Richardson’s study [ 49 ] focuses on the potential role that the social environment within countries may play in shaping inequalities and differences between countries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Socioeconomic inequality in depression and anxiety and its determinants in Iranian older adults

2022

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Background Older adults with lower socioeconomic status are more vulnerable to stressful life events and at increased risk of common mental health disorders like anxiety and depression. This study investigates the socioeconomic inequality in depressive symptoms and anxiety. Methods The data were from 7462 participants of the Neyshabur longitudinal study of ageing registered during 2016-2018. The outcome variables were anxiety and depressive symptoms. Anxiety was defined by the “Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale Questionnaire”, and depressive symptoms was defined and measured by the “short-term form of the Epidemiological Center Questionnaire.” The socioeconomic status was defined using principal component analysis of home assets. The Concentration Index (C) was used to measure socioeconomic inequality in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Concentration index was decomposed to its determinants to determine the role of the independent variables on inequality. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety was 12.2% (95% CI: 11.4, 12.9) and 7.0% (95% CI: 6.4, 7.5), respectively. Moreover, the C for anxiety was -0.195 (95% CI: -0.254, -0.136) and for depressive symptoms was -0.206 (95% CI: -0.252, -0.159), which indicate a considerable inequality in favor of high socioeconomic group for anxiety and depressive symptoms. Decomposition of the concentration Index showed that education, unemployment and male sex were the most important positive contributors to the observed inequality in anxiety and depressive symptoms, while age and number of grandchildren were main negative contributors of this inequality. Conclusion Low socioeconomic groups were more affected by anxiety and depressive symptoms. Any intervention for alleviation of inequality in anxiety and depression should be focus on education and employment of people, especially in younger elderly.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Most other studies have been in adults of all age groups [ 19 , 61 ]. Of course, some studies in old age also had similar results to ours [ 46 , 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Socioeconomic inequality in depression and anxiety and its determinants in Iranian older adults

2022

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“…These can be crucial preliminary steps in bettering their socioeconomic status and decreasing depression risk and improving their quality of life 69 , 70 . Secondly, an effective multidisciplinary network of health services could be established for screening of older persons for mental illnesses enabling timely access to mental health services, and these services should be extended to rural areas where the depression prevalence is higher in comparison to urban areas 71 . Thirdly, health-promotional activities such as promoting awareness, and increasing opportunities to engage in physical and social activities would aid in enhancing their personal beliefs, increase life satisfaction and improve their overall quality of life 27 , 72 , 73 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional associations of personal efforts and beliefs and depressive symptoms among older adults in India

Saravanakumar

Muhammad

Srivastava

2022

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Whilst there is growing evidence on the increased vulnerability of older adults to depression, there is limited research on potentially mitigative factors against symptoms of depression at a population level. This research examined associations of possible protective factors (personal efforts and beliefs) and depressive symptoms among older adults in India. This cross-sectional study used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India with 31,464 respondents aged 60 years and above. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multivariable linear regression was used while exploring the associated factors of depressive symptoms. The mean score of depressive symptoms was 2.94 (CI 2.92, 2.96). Older adults who engaged in moderate [aCoef: −0.11, CI −0.18, −0.05], vigorous [aCoef: −0.09, CI −0.16, −0.03], or both types of physical activity [aCoef: −0.10, CI −0.19, −0.02] had lower likelihood of depressive symptoms in comparison to those who were physically inactive. Older adults who participated in social activities were less likely to have depressive symptoms [aCoef: −0.44, CI −0.50, −0.39] compared to their socially inactive counterparts. Further, older adults who perceived religion as very important [aCoef: −0.29, CI −0.41, −0.17], who had high life satisfaction [aCoef: −0.78, CI −0.82, −0.73], who had good self-perceived health [aCoef: −0.29, CI −0.33, −0.25] and those who had high self-perceived social standing [aCoef: −0.39, CI −0.47, −0.31] had lower likelihood of depressive symptoms in comparison to their respective counterparts. Physical activity, social participation, voluntary work and financial contribution to family, religiosity, life satisfaction, self-perceived health and self-perceived social standing are associated with lower likelihood of depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in this study. Future longitudinal studies should explore these factors that can guide interventions against depression in old age.

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“…If the respondent reported any difficulty in above IADLs, difficulty in IADL was coded as yes, and otherwise no. Morbidity status was categorised as 0 ‘no morbidity’, 1 ‘any one morbid condition’ and 2+ ‘co‐morbidity’ 35,36 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morbidity status was categorised as 0 'no morbidity', 1 'any one morbid condition' and 2+ 'co-morbidity'. 35,36 Based on recommendations for 'better' indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) in LMICs, 37 older adults' SES is assessed using the monthly per-capita consumption expenditure (MPCE) quintiles. Sets of 11 and 29 questions on expenditures on food and non-food items, respectively, are used to canvass the sample households.…”

Section: Other Explanatory Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in the association between physical frailty and life satisfaction among older adults in India

et al. 2023

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BackgroundOne of the sustainable development goals' (SDGs) primary goals (Goal 3) is to ensure healthy lives and promote well‐being for persons of all ages. While extensive literature documents the link between physical frailty and low life satisfaction (LLS) among older adults, research of this nature is limited within low and middle‐income countries including India. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between physical frailty and life satisfaction among community‐dwelling older men and women in India.MethodsData come from the 2017–18 wave 1 of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), with a sample of 30 390 individuals aged 60 and above (14 559 men and 15 831 women). Physical frailty was assessed using an adapted version of the frailty phenotype developed by Fried and colleagues. Ordered logistic regression models are employed to examine the association between physical frailty and life satisfaction.ResultsThe prevalence of frailty was higher in older women than men (32.2% vs. 27.5%). Nearly 30.4% of men and 33.8% of women reported having LLS. However, after adjusting for the selected confounders, women were less likely (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.92; CI: 0.87–0.97) to report LLS compared to men. The physically frail older adults were more likely (aOR: 1.40; CI: 1.27–1.55) to report LLS relative to their physically stronger counterparts. Moreover, we found that frail older men had higher odds of reporting LLS than non‐frail older men (aOR: 1.25; CI: 1.09–1.43). Also, non‐frail older women had lower odds of reporting LLS than non‐frail older men (aOR: 0.80; CI: 0.67–0.95).ConclusionsFindings of our study suggest that policies and programs to address later life well‐being need to consider gender differences. Doing so would not only help identify older adults most at risk of LLS, but gender differentiated policies would help streamline health expenditures and costs typically relegated to assist all older adults without proper focus on the uniqueness of their social location.

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Socioeconomic and health-related inequalities in major depressive symptoms among older adults: a Wagstaff’s decomposition analysis of data from the LASI baseline survey, 2017–2018

Cited by 17 publications

References 91 publications

Socioeconomic inequality in depression and anxiety and its determinants in Iranian older adults

Socioeconomic inequality in depression and anxiety and its determinants in Iranian older adults

Cross-sectional associations of personal efforts and beliefs and depressive symptoms among older adults in India

Gender differences in the association between physical frailty and life satisfaction among older adults in India

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