Socioeconomic Deprivation as Measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Its Association with Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Women

Heald, Adrian; Laing, Ian; McLernon, David J.; Donn, Rachelle; Hartland, Andrew; Fryer, Anthony A.; Livingston, Mark

doi:10.2174/1874091x01711010001

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Given the association between elevated BMI and lower SHBG with insulin resistance in both men and women and the relation between low SHBG and higher plasma glucose, our findings are further evidence for the link between socioeconomic disadvantage and future risk of impaired glucose regulation. Furthermore, they accord with our recent general population survey showing that that lower SHBG levels in women are associated with a higher level of socioeconomic disadvantage …”

Section: Take Away Messagesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Furthermore, they accord with our recent general population survey showing that that lower SHBG levels in women are associated with a higher level of socioeconomic disadvantage. 15 It is of note that Merkin et al 16 reported that women who experienced a more disadvantaged socioeconomic status in childhood were at increased risk of PCOS in adulthood.…”

Section: Take Away Messagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Social situation influences outcome

et al. 2017

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Section: Take Away Messagesupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Take Away Messagementioning

confidence: 99%

Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Social situation influences outcome

et al. 2017

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“…High deprivation is most likely a surrogate for either one or more risk factors. It is established that rates of obesity and potentially of insulin resistance are higher in more socially disadvantaged individuals [16]. Low vitamin D could be a causative or a surrogate factor in COVID-19 infection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detectable respiratory SARS-CoV-2 RNA is associated with low vitamin D levels and high social deprivation

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Dunmore

et al. 2020

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Aims: Accumulating evidence links COVID-19 incidence and outcomes with vitamin D status. We investigated if an interaction existed between vitamin D levels and social deprivation in those with and without COVID-19 infection. Methods: Upper-or lower-respiratory tract samples from 104 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in accordance with Public Health England criteria (January-May 2020) using RT-PCR. The latest serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-OHD) levels, quantified by LC-MS/MS, was obtained for each patient (September 2019-April 2020). Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) was generated for each patient. Univariate and logistic regression analyses examined associations between age, gender, 25-OHD, IMD score and SARS-CoV-2 result in the total cohort and subgroups. Results: In the total cohort, a positive SARS-CoV-2 test was significantly associated with lower 25-OHD levels and higher IMD. A positive test was associated with higher IMD in the male subgroup and with lower 25-OHD levels in those aged >72 years. Low 25-OHD and IMD quintile 5 were separately associated with positive COVID-19 outcome in the cohort. Patients in IMD quintile 5 with vitamin D levels [?]34.4 nmol/L were most likely to have a positive COVID-19 outcome, even more so if aged >72 years (OR: 19.07, 95%CI: 1.71-212.25; p=0.016). Conclusions: In this cohort, combined low vitamin D levels and higher social deprivation were most associated with COVID-19 infection. In older age, this combination was even more significant. Our data supports the recommendations for normalising vitamin D levels in those with deficient / insufficient levels and in groups at high-risk for deficiency. What's already known about this topic? Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are related to a range of adverse health outcomes. Low vitamin D levels appear related to pneumonia, cytokine burst and acute respiratory distress syndrome, all of which are associated with COVID-19. Accumulating evidence links COVID-19 incidence and outcomes with vitamin D status. We investigated to see if an interaction existed between vitamin D levels and social deprivation in those with and without COVID-19 infection. What does this article add? Combined low vitamin D levels and higher social deprivation were most associated with COVID-19 infection. In older age, this combination was more significant. Our data supports normalising vitamin D levels in those with deficient/insufficient levels and in high-risk groups.

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“…High deprivation is most likely a surrogate for either one or more risk factors. It is established that the rates of obesity and potentially insulin resistance are higher in more socially disadvantaged individuals 21 . Low vitamin D could be a causative or a surrogate factor in COVID‐19 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detectable respiratory SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA is associated with low vitamin D levels and high social deprivation

et al. 2021

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Background: Accumulating evidence links COVID-19 incidence and outcomes with vitamin D status. We investigated if an interaction existed between vitamin D levels and social deprivation in those with and without COVID-19 infection. Methods: Upper or lower respiratory tract samples from 104 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in accordance with Public Health England criteria (January-May 2020) using RT-PCR. The latest serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-OHD) levels, quantified by LC-MS/MS, was obtained for each patient (September 2019-April 2020). Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) was generated for each patient. Univariate and logistic regression analyses examined associations between age, gender, 25-OHD, IMD score and SARS-CoV-2 result in the total cohort and subgroups. Results: In the total cohort, a positive SARS-CoV-2 test was significantly associated with lower 25-OHD levels and higher IMD. A positive test was associated with higher IMD in the male subgroup and with lower 25-OHD levels in those aged >72 years. Low 25-OHD and IMD quintile 5 were separately associated with positive COVID-19 outcome in the cohort. Patients in IMD quintile 5 with vitamin D levels ≤ 34.4 nmol/L were most likely to have a positive COVID-19 outcome, even more so if aged

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Socioeconomic Deprivation as Measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Its Association with Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Women

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Social situation influences outcome

Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Social situation influences outcome

Detectable respiratory SARS-CoV-2 RNA is associated with low vitamin D levels and high social deprivation

Detectable respiratory SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA is associated with low vitamin D levels and high social deprivation

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