Socioeconomic Determinants of Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Among Pregnant Women

Saeed, Alghamdi Ahmad; Faisal, Jokhadar Hazem; Mohammed, Alghamdi Ibraheem; Abdullah, Alsohibani Saleh; Jamaan, Alqahtani Odai; Hayfaa, Abdelmageed Wahabi

doi:10.15296/ijwhr.2016.14

Cited by 12 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…The prevalence of exposure was higher in women living with older husbands. However, Alghamdi et al 7 in Saudi Arabia and Lee et al 31 in China found a significant relationship between the age of pregnant women and the prevalence of exposure to SHS. Moreover, Aurrekoetxea et al 27 in Spain indicated that young women had a high level of prevalence of exposure to SHS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A review study suggested that the rate of SHS exposure at home ranged from 17-73 per cent in different countries 17 . According to the results of the studies conducted by Goel et al 9 in India, Alghamdi et al 7 , Wahabi et al 26 in Saudi Arabia, and Aurrekoetxea et al 27 in Spain, a total of 24, 24, 37 and 24.7 per cent of the pregnant women were exposed to smoke, respectively. The husband's amount of smoking was reported as the main predictive factor for the SHS prevalence of exposure of pregnant women at home 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The most likely number of daily cigarettes to which the pregnant women were exposed was about 2-5 for less than one hour. Alghamdi et al 7 in Saudi Arabia reported that the exposure time to smoke was less than one hour for most of the women. Loke et al 22 reported that the women living with smoking husbands were exposed to cigarette smoke for about 4.2 hours per day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to smoke includes breathing smoke emanating from burning cigarettes and indirectly from exhaled smoke 4,5 . The exposure to SHS causes several severe complications in pregnant women such as preterm labor [6][7][8][9][10] , rupture of membranes 11 , increased probability of a cesarean operation 7 , decreased growth of fetus, delayed intrauterine growth 1,6,10 , low birth weight of fetus 6,[8][9][10] , distressed fetus 8,9 , small embryo for the gestational age 7 , sudden infant-death syndrome 6,10 , and increased level of cotinine in follicular fluid 12 . Although the prevalence of female smokers is low in Middle-East countries, especially Iran, the high prevalence of smoking among men puts women at risk of SHS harms 13 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study reported that more than half (56.2%) of Iranian women were exposed to SHS during pregnancy 14 . The risk factors of SHS exposure for the pregnant women included poverty and illiteracy 15 , low level of education and unemployment 7 , inability of women to ask their husbands to quit smoking 16 , and existence of smokers in the family. Other factors examined include the belief of pregnant women that secondhand smoke harms the fetus 14 , lack of smoking laws at home 17 , lack of knowledge about smoking complications and dangers to family members 18 , perceived intensity and sensitivity of male smokers 19 , and finally male smokers not being informed about the negative effects of smoke on the fetus 20 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to secondhand smoke in Iranian pregnant women at home and the related factors

Mahmoodabad¹,

Karimiankakolaki²,

Kazemi³

et al. 2019

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION Fetus health is of high importance in pregnant women and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) endangers maternal and fetal health. Therefore, in this study we examined the prevalence of exposure to SHS in pregnant women at home and the related factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with 255 pregnant women who were referred to the Isfahan health care center from July to September 2018. A questionnaire that was designed by the research team was applied to collect data about the participants' prevalence of exposure, attitude-emotional dimension, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and perceived barriers. The questionnaire used was self-administered. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by a panel of experts. Cronbach's alpha of attitude-emotional dimension, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and perceived barriers were also calculated as 0.81, 0.91, 0.92, and 0.89, respectively. Statistically significant differences were examined using chi-squared test and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS We found that the prevalence of exposure to SHS in pregnant women was 23.1%. The age of the husband (p=0.041), education level of the smoking husband (p=0.005), the education level of the pregnant woman (p=0.002), employment status of husband (p=0.010), and whether the pregnancy was planned (p=0.010) had significant association with the participant prevalence of exposure to SHS. Thus, older age of husbands, lower education levels of husbands and wives, unwanted pregnancies, and unemployment of husbands resulted in higher exposure to SHS. The mean scores of knowledge and perceptions were lower in women exposed to smoke than in non-exposed women (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The rate of SHS exposure was high in pregnant women. The knowledge and perception scores of exposed women to SHS were lower than those of non-exposed women. Low levels of education of husbands and women, unemployment and higher age of husbands, and unwanted pregnancies were considered as health risk factors. Therefore, effective training programs should be designed to educate pregnant women and their husbands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Exposure to secondhand smoke in Iranian pregnant women at home and the related factors

Mahmoodabad¹,

Karimiankakolaki²,

Kazemi³

et al. 2019

Tob. Prev. Cessation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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The importance of socioeconomic position in smoking, cessation and environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy

Madureira

Camelo

Silva

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Tobacco is still a leading cause of premature death and morbidity. Particular attention has been given to pregnant women due to the scientific evidence on the importance of early life exposures for disease onset later in life. The purpose of this study was to assess smoking prevalence, smoking cessation rate and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, and the role of socioeconomic position (SEP) on these behaviors among pregnant women. Cross-sectional data of 619 pregnant women, aged between 18 and 46 years, from Porto Metropolitan Area, Portugal, on current smoking, ETS exposure and SEP indicators was collected, face-to-face, using a questionnaire filled in during a personal interview at the postpartum hospital stay. The smoking prevalence, and ETS exposure among non-smokers before pregnancy was 27.6% and 57.4%, respectively. 4.1% of the participants reported to have stopped smoking before pregnancy, whereas about 41% quitted along pregnancy, resulting in a smoking prevalence at birth of 14.6%. Exposure to ETS also decreased throughout pregnancy to 49.8% at birth. Lower educational level was significantly associated with both higher smoking prevalence and exposure to ETS and lower smoking cessation. This study demonstrates that smoking and ETS exposure during pregnancy remains high, and that there are still significant socioeconomic inequalities in smoking; thus tobacco-focused preventive interventions need to be reinforced.

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Secondhand smoke exposure for different education levels: findings from a large, nationally representative survey in Turkey

Alkan

Ünver

2022

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to determine the factors that influence individuals’ exposure to tobacco smoke in Turkey according to their education level.DesignSecondary data analysis.ParticipantsAltogether, 17 084 individuals aged 15 and over were included in this study.SettingsData set of the Turkey Health Survey in 2019.MethodsBinary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with individuals’ exposure to tobacco smoke.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe variables age, gender, marital status, general health status, employment status, receipt of psychosocial support and tobacco use were found to be correlated with exposure to tobacco smoke.ResultsThe study determined that individuals who are illiterate/unschooled were exposed to tobacco smoke at a rate of 32.61%, primary school graduates at a rate of 34.32%, primary education graduates at a rate of 41.75%, high school graduates at a rate of 41.04% and university graduates at a rate of 40.34%.ConclusionAs a result of the study, it is emphasised that men, young individuals, individuals with moderate and very good general health status, those who use tobacco, those who are unemployed and those who receive psychosocial support should be targeted. In addition, appropriate strategies for reducing secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure should be developed, taking into account public health strategies for increasing awareness of the adverse health effects of SHS exposure and the determinants of tobacco exposure according to the study.

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Socioeconomic Determinants of Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Among Pregnant Women

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Exposure to secondhand smoke in Iranian pregnant women at home and the related factors

Exposure to secondhand smoke in Iranian pregnant women at home and the related factors

The importance of socioeconomic position in smoking, cessation and environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy

Secondhand smoke exposure for different education levels: findings from a large, nationally representative survey in Turkey

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