Socioeconomic factors and breast carcinoma in multicultural women

Baquet, Moritz; Commiskey, Patricia

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(20000301)88:5+<1256::aid-cncr13>3.0.co;2-3

Cited by 154 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…It has been suggested 52 that socioeconomic factors should be considered as "cross-cutting risk factors" both for developing breast cancer as well as for breast cancer related mortality. Moreover, focusing solely on socioeconomic factors without due consideration of racial and cultural factors that affect health and cancerrelated behaviors would provide a confounded assessment of disparities in breast cancer epidemiology and patterns of care 52 . These findings further reinforce the need for further research on the biologic, genetic, and socioeconomic and cultural determinants which may impact breast cancer epidemiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Epidemiology in Blacks and Whites: Disparities in Incidence, Mortality, Survival Rates and Histology

Baquet

Mishra

Commiskey

et al. 2008

Journal of the National Medical Association

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Epidemiology in Blacks and Whites: Disparities in Incidence, Mortality, Survival Rates and Histology

Baquet

Mishra

Commiskey

et al. 2008

Journal of the National Medical Association

Self Cite

166

155

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“…This difference is in fact as great as that between black and white populations in North America. 39,40 In addition, we observed that the SES differences remained and even increased during the 20-year period, despite cancer screening becoming more widely used and the irrefutable progress in medical care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social class is an important and independent prognostic factor of breast cancer mortality

Bouchardy

Verkooijen

Fioretta

2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

121

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Reasons of the important impact of socioeconomic status on breast cancer prognosis are far from established. This study aims to evaluate and explain the social disparities in breast cancer survival in the Swiss canton of Geneva, where healthcare costs and life expectancy are among the highest in the world. This populationbased study included all 3,920 female residents of Geneva, who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer before the age of 70 years between 1980 and 2000. Patients were divided into 4 socioeconomic groups, according to the woman's last occupation. We used Cox multivariate regression analysis to identify reasons for the socioeconomic inequalities in breast cancer survival. Compared to patients of high social class, those of low social class had an increased risk (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.4, 95% CI: 1.6-3.5) of dying as a result of breast cancer. These women were more often foreigners, less frequently had screen-detected cancer and were at more advanced stage at diagnosis. They less frequently underwent breast-conserving surgery, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy, in particular, in case of axillary lymph node involvement. When adjusting for all these factors, patients of low social class still had a significantly increased risk of dying of breast cancer (HR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.6). Overmortality linked to low SES is only partly explained by delayed diagnosis, unfavorable tumor characteristics and suboptimal treatments. Other factors, not measured in this study, also could play a role. While waiting for the outcome of other researches, we should consider socioeconomic status as an independent prognostic factor and provide intensified support and surveillance to women of low social class. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: breast carcinoma; socioeconomic status; incidence; mortality; survivalIn North America and Western Europe, breast cancer accounts for more than 30% of new cancer cases and for 25% of cancer deaths among women. Breast cancer mortality rates are now decreasing because of the widely generalized use of mammography screening and the improvement in treatment. 1 Besides stage, tumor characteristics and treatment, only few factors are recognized as independent prognostic factors. Socioeconomic status (SES) could be one of them.Breast cancer occurs more frequently in wealthy countries 2 and among women with high SES. 3 This is partly due to a higher prevalence of breast cancer risk factors, such as older age at first pregnancy, low parity, high-calorie intake, sedentary occupation and use of hormonal replacement therapy in women with high SES. [3][4][5] On the other hand, breast cancer survival is in general lower in less affluent countries 6 and in women with low income or educational level. 3

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“…18 Similarly, SES measures such as education, occupation, and income may serve as surrogate markers for environmental exposures, health care choices, and access to medical services. 32 To reduce misclassification in the census-based measures we used to describe the neighborhood effects on a patient's outcome, we used the race-specific block group characteristics instead of the larger tract group traits. As we measured the neighborhood or "contextual" SES effect, not the individual SES risk, there may be residual confounding by personal SES.…”

Section: Measurement Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic status and breast carcinoma survival in four racial/ethnic groups

O’Malley

Glaser

et al. 2003

Cancer

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Efficient trapping of chromium enolates in the presence of Et3SiCl gives silyl enol ethers. This trapping changes the course of the reaction between α,β‐unsaturated ketones and aldehydes from a sequential aldol–cyclopropanol formation to a cross pinacol‐type coupling reaction [Eq. (1); for example, R1 = n‐C8H17, R2 = Ph(CH2)2]. The anti/syn ratios of the 1,2‐diols depend on the reaction temperature.

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Socioeconomic factors and breast carcinoma in multicultural women

Cited by 154 publications

References 68 publications

Breast Cancer Epidemiology in Blacks and Whites: Disparities in Incidence, Mortality, Survival Rates and Histology

Breast Cancer Epidemiology in Blacks and Whites: Disparities in Incidence, Mortality, Survival Rates and Histology

Social class is an important and independent prognostic factor of breast cancer mortality

Socioeconomic status and breast carcinoma survival in four racial/ethnic groups

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