Socioeconomic factors and phthalate metabolite concentrations among United States women of reproductive age

Kobrosly, Roni W.; Parlett, Lauren E.; Stahlhut, Richard W.; Barrett, Emily S.; Swan, Shanna H.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2012.03.008

Cited by 87 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This is consistent with a previous study from our group in which a similar association was detected in 2003–2008 NHANES data 22 and, as other authors have previously noted, may reflect different lifestyle (reduced/different use of scented products for personal care) and food choices (different diets with less consumption of processed and prepackaged food), which, in turn, vary by socioeconomic factors. 43, 44 Available evidence does not suggest a consistent association of phthalates with obesity but, among phthalates, the LMW group in particular has been more consistently associated with obesity in children and adolescents. 45 The lack of association of DINP/DIDP metabolites with BMI, and the fact that the inclusion of BMI in our multivariable model did not influence the significance of the association with BP, points towards an effect that is independent of increased body mass, and lends support to the notion of oxidative damage as a potential mechanisms by which phthalates can contribute to increasing cardiovascular risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Exposure to Di-2-Ethylhexylphthalate Replacements With Increased Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents

Trasande

Attinà

2015

Hypertension

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Phthalates are environmental chemicals widely used in consumer and personal care products. In this study we examined associations of urinary phthalates with blood pressure, triglycerides and lipoproteins in children and adolescents, performing a cross-sectional analysis of a subsample of US children 6–19 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between the years 2009–2012. We quantified exposure to common environmental phthalates, with a focus on the dietary contaminant di-2-ethylhexylphthalate and two increasingly used replacements, di-isononyl phthalate and di-isodecyl phthalate, based on micromolar concentration of urinary metabolites. We assessed descriptive, univariate and multivariable associations with blood pressure and lipids. Controlling for an array of sociodemographic and behavioral factors, as well as diet and body mass, metabolites of di-2-ethylhexylphthalate , di-isononyl phthalate and di-isodecyl phthalate were associated with higher age-, gender- and height-standardized blood pressure. For each log unit increase in di-isodecyl phthalate metabolites, a 0.105 standard deviation unit increase in systolic blood pressure z score was identified (p=0.004); for di-isononyl phthalate metabolites, a 0.113 standard deviation unit increment was identified (p=0.008). For di-2-ethylhexylphthalate metabolites, a 0.103 standard deviation unit increment (p=0.013) was detected. Metabolites of low molecular weight phthalates commonly found in cosmetics and personal care products showed an association with blood pressure (≥90th percentile) in univariate analysis, but this was no longer significant in our full multivariable model, suggesting specificity. Phthalate metabolites were not associated with triglycerides or high-density lipoproteins. Further, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these associations, and to assess opportunities for intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Exposure to Di-2-Ethylhexylphthalate Replacements With Increased Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents

Trasande

Attinà

2015

Hypertension

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“…It was determined a priori that maternal age, BMI, race and education would be included in multiple regression analysis given the significant associations with phthalate metabolite levels, diet and/or consumer behaviors reported in previous studies [22,28,29,30]. We conducted bivariate linear regression analyses for other demographic characteristics (study center, income) and log-transformed urinary phthalate metabolite levels; demographic characteristics that were found to have statistically significant ( p < 0.05) associations with at least one of the phthalate metabolite species and were not highly correlated (spearman rank correlation coefficient <0.6) with other covariates were included in all multiple regression models.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Phthalate Exposure in Pregnant Women and the Impact of Consumer Practices

Serrano

Karr

Seixas

et al. 2014

IJERPH

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Phthalates are ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemicals that are contaminants in food and contribute to significant dietary exposures. We examined associations between reported consumption of specific foods and beverages and first trimester urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in 656 pregnant women within a multicenter cohort study, The Infant Development and Environment Study (TIDES), using multivariate regression analysis. We also examined whether reported use of ecofriendly and chemical-free products was associated with lower phthalate biomarker levels in comparison to not following such practices. Consumption of one additional serving of dairy per week was associated with decreases of 1% in the sum of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolite levels (95% CI: −2.0, −0.2). Further, participants who reported sometimes eating homegrown food had monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP) levels that were 16.6% lower (95% CI: −29.5, −1.3) in comparison to participants in the rarely/never category. In contrast to rarely/never eating frozen fruits and vegetables, participants who reported sometimes following this practice had monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) levels that were 21% higher (95% CI: 3.3, 41.7) than rarely/ever respondents. Future study on prenatal dietary phthalate exposure and the role of consumer product choices in reducing such exposure is needed.

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“…16 Nationally representative data of US reproductive-aged women suggest that women of color have higher levels of certain endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as phthalates and parabens, in their bodies compared to White women, and these racial/ethnic differences are not explained by socioeconomic status. 17–20 Workers in the beauty industry, who are predominantly women of color and immigrant women, can also face occupational health hazards from chemicals in professional cosmetic products and ad-hoc workplace safety standards. 21–23 Cumulative assessments of environmental risk factors among socially marginalized groups have historically prioritized place-based pollution sources, such as polluting industries or high traffic density, 24, 25 however, beauty product exposures may be elevated in some of the same communities that encounter disproportionate exposures to place-based pollution.…”

Section: Pre-existing Vulnerabilities and Cumulative Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environmental injustice of beauty: framing chemical exposures from beauty products as a health disparities concern

Zota

Shamasunder

2017

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

184

162

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The ObGyn community has issued a call to action to prevent toxic environmental chemical exposures and their threats to healthy human reproduction. Recent committee opinions recognize that vulnerable and underserved women may be disproportionately impacted by environmental chemical exposures and recommend that reproductive health professionals champion policies that secure environmental justice. Beauty product use is an understudied source of environmental chemical exposures. Beauty products can include reproductive and developmental toxicants such as phthalates and heavy metals; however, disclosure requirements are limited and inconsistent. Compared to White women, women of color have higher levels of beauty product-related environmental chemicals in their bodies, independent of socioeconomic status. Even small exposures to toxic chemicals during critical periods of development, such as pregnancy, can trigger adverse health consequences such as impacts on fertility and pregnancy, neurodevelopment, and cancer. In this commentary, we seek to highlight the connections between environmental justice and beauty product-related chemical exposures. We describe racial/ethnic differences in beauty product use such as skin lighteners, hair straighteners, and feminine hygiene products as well as the potential chemical exposures and health risks associated with these products. We also discuss how targeted advertising can take advantage of mainstream beauty norms to influence use of these products. Reproductive health professionals can use this information to advance environmental justice by being prepared to counsel patients who have questions about toxic environmental exposures from beauty care products and other sources. Researchers and health care providers can also promote health-protective policies such as improved ingredient testing and disclosure for the beauty product industry. Future clinical and public health research should consider beauty product use as a factor that may shape health inequities in women’s reproductive health across the life course.

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Socioeconomic factors and phthalate metabolite concentrations among United States women of reproductive age

Cited by 87 publications

References 43 publications

Association of Exposure to Di-2-Ethylhexylphthalate Replacements With Increased Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents

Association of Exposure to Di-2-Ethylhexylphthalate Replacements With Increased Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents

Dietary Phthalate Exposure in Pregnant Women and the Impact of Consumer Practices

The environmental injustice of beauty: framing chemical exposures from beauty products as a health disparities concern

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