Socioeconomic Inequalities in Uptake of Breast Cancer Screening among Saudi Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of a National Survey

Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled; Hashmi, Rubayyat; Almubark, Sarh; Qattan, Ameerah M. N.; Pulok, Mohammad Habibullah

doi:10.3390/ijerph17062056

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A comprehensive description of the sampling method and data can be found elsewhere [ 23 , 24 ]. The dataset has been used to study medication use for chronic health conditions [ 23 ], the consumption of foods and beverages [ 24 ], tobacco consumption pattern [ 2 ], socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes prevalence in the KSA [ 25 ], and socioeconomic inequalities in uptake of breast cancer screening among Saudi women [ 26 ]. Due to missing data as a result of nonresponses, this study limits the analysis to respondents who have complete information on all the variables of interest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Determinants of Smoking in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Qattan

Boachie

Immurana

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Tobacco consumption, or smoking, is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In order to reduce the consumption of tobacco products, it is necessary to understand the factors that drive it. However, little is known about the socioeconomic determinants of tobacco smoking in the KSA. This study, therefore, investigates the socioeconomic factors that influence tobacco smoking in the KSA. Using a national health survey, the study employs logistic and negative binomial regressions to examine the socioeconomic factors associated with smoking. Moreover, the inequality concentration indices (CIs) are used to assess inequalities in smoking. The results reveal that the smoking prevalence is 14.09% of the 8813 respondents considered in this study. The prevalence of smoking is higher among men (25.34%) than among women (1.91%). On the determinants of smoking, the logistic regression results show that higher income is associated with lower likelihood of smoking. Other factors significantly associated with current smoking status are marital status, gender, age, and region of residence. Similarly, gender, age and region of residence are significantly associated with smoking intensity. As regards the inequality analysis, at the national level, the results show that smoking is concentrated among those with higher socioeconomic status (income: CI = 0.071, p < 0.01; education: CI = 0.095, p < 0.01), but with significant regional variations. By gender disaggregation, the results also show that the income-based CIs are positive for both males and females, but statistically insignificant. Education-based CI is positive for males and significant (CI = 0.057, p < 0.05), while it is negative and insignificant for females during the study period. The findings call for targeted tobacco control measures focusing on those with higher socioeconomic status, as well as factors such as age, gender, marital status and region of residence.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Determinants of Smoking in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Qattan

Boachie

Immurana

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Interestingly, studies exploring and decomposing inequalities in preventive healthcare are scarce. Although some studies have explored socioeconomic inequalities in healthcare, they have largely focused on specific conditions such as diabetes (19) and breast cancer (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Analysis of Inequality in Preventive Health Check-Ups Uptake in Saudi Arabia

Al-Hanawi

Chirwa

2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: Undertaking preventive health check-ups has proven to be an important strategy in the fight against several diseases. However, various socioeconomic circumstances may hinder participating in such an important health exercise for many people. With the growth in the burden of non-communicable diseases in Saudi Arabia, it is thus essential that people take an active role in undertaking preventive health check-ups. However, the extent to which this behavior is determined by inequalities in socioeconomic circumstances remains not well-documented. The aim of this study was to examine the socioeconomic inequalities in undertaking preventive health check-ups in Saudi Arabia, using a national survey with a sample of 11,528 respondents.Methods: Data from the Saudi Family Health Survey conducted in 2018 by the General Authority for Statistics were used for the analysis of this study. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the socioeconomic factors associated with undertaking preventive health check-ups. Concentration indices were calculated, and associated concentration curves were used to assess the socioeconomic inequalities in preventive health check-ups uptake. Moreover, decomposition analysis was performed to examine the extent to which the socioeconomic variables affect uptake of preventive health check-ups.Results: The results reveal that being older adults, more educated, insured, and married increase the probability of undertaking preventive health check-ups. Regarding socioeconomic inequalities, preventive health check-ups uptake was concentrated among the wealthier (concentration index: 0.0831; P < 0.001). However, some differences were observed in terms of socioeconomic inequality across the regions. Decomposition of the Erreygers index supported the analysis of the determinants and suggested that income, and education were the primary drivers of the associated inequality.Conclusions: These results suggest that the government of Saudi Arabia should develop intervention programs and strategies that promote the uptake of health check-ups among the vulnerable group to reduce inequalities. Of particular importance is the need for more health-related education among the poor and those with lower education in order to raise their awareness on the benefits and advantages of conducting health examinations.

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“…Most previous studies have not controlled for all socioeconomic factors when investigating husbands’ knowledge about breast cancer [ 18 - 22 ]. However, several other studies found socioeconomic gradients in breast cancer incidence, mortality, and screening uptake behavior [ 17 , 28 , 29 ]. In our study, the findings of socioeconomic gradients were mixed, showing limited socioeconomic gradients in terms of mammogram (private sector employee) and CBE (income level) uptake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, despite free access to health care services in the KSA [ 15 ], the level of breast cancer screening practices remains low [ 16 ]. Recent studies have also found marked socioeconomic gradients in breast cancer screening uptake among Saudi women [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Husbands’ Knowledge of Breast Cancer and Their Wives’ Attitudes and Practices Related to Breast Cancer Screening in Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional Online Survey

Sabgul¹,

Qattan²,

Hashmi³

et al. 2021

J Med Internet Res

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Background Despite Saudi Arabia’s free and well-established cancer care program, breast cancer incidence and mortality are rising. Husbands’ knowledge, and wives’ attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening are not well understood in Saudi Arabia. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate husbands’ knowledge, and wives’ attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data from 403 husbands in the holy city of Makkah through an online self-reported questionnaire over a period of 2 months, from May 6 to July 7, 2020. Tabulation, bivariate, and multiple regression analyses were the major tools used for data analysis. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association between husbands’ knowledge and wives’ behavior regarding breast cancer screening methods. Results Husbands’ knowledge score (a 1-point increase) was significantly associated with the wives’ utilization of mammograms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.089, 95% CI 1.024-1.159) and breast self-examination (AOR 1.177, 95% CI 1.105-1.255). Husbands’ knowledge also influenced the wives’ attitudes toward learning about breast self-examination (AOR 1.138, 95% CI 1.084-1.195). There was no significant association between husbands’ knowledge and wives’ utilization of clinical breast examination. However, richer husbands showed a socioeconomic gradient concerning their wives’ utilization of clinical breast examinations (AOR 2.603, 95% CI 1.269-5.341). Conclusions Overall, husbands’ knowledge of breast cancer influences wives’ attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening methods in Saudi Arabia. Thus, interventions delivered to husbands might increase breast cancer awareness and survival.

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Socioeconomic Inequalities in Uptake of Breast Cancer Screening among Saudi Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of a National Survey

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Socioeconomic Determinants of Smoking in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Socioeconomic Determinants of Smoking in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Economic Analysis of Inequality in Preventive Health Check-Ups Uptake in Saudi Arabia

Husbands’ Knowledge of Breast Cancer and Their Wives’ Attitudes and Practices Related to Breast Cancer Screening in Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional Online Survey

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