Socioeconomic inequity in incidence, outcomes and care for acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review

Women with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Clinical Characteristics, Treatment, and In-Hospital Outcomes from a Latin American Country

“…These characteristics have been described in other studies [2,[13][14][15][16][17][18]], but we can add that Mexican ancestry shows a particular genetic background that makes them more susceptible to metabolic diseases [19], which may contribute to worse outcomes. Furthermore, we must also consider the social and economic disparities in our population, which are represented by the patients that do not have access to social security services in Mexico, that contribute to the appearance of ACS and adverse outcomes that have been described in the literature [7,8].…”

“…These factors may be explained from many perspectives, but biologically they may be caused by different responses to drugs that are administered for ACS, hormonal differences, and body composition [2][3][4]. Along with the biological explanations, socioeconomic and demographic factors might contribute to the presence of adverse outcomes [7,8] because of education, transport, or medical services.…”

“…In the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), despite advancements in treatment during the last decades, women continue to have worse short-and long-term outcomes than men [2,3]. Several studies have revealed sex-specific differences in AMI regarding clinical presentation, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, management, and outcomes [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Nevertheless, women remain understudied, as they only represent about 20% of the patients enrolled in AMI clinical trials [7].…”

“…Ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and gender are important considerations in the prevalence of treatment and outcomes of AMI worldwide. There is evidence that in LMICs, AMI prognosis in women is modified according to many factors, including socioeconomic background [8]. Furthermore, the prevalence of myocardial infarction and outcomes in black women are worse compared to other groups; however, other ethnic groups have not been studied in depth [11,12].…”

Cardiac Rehabilitation

“…1 Several interrelated factors contribute to this relationship, including limited access to health care services, reduced educational opportunities, and income disparities. [2][3][4][5][6] Individuals with lower SES often face barriers to adopting healthier lifestyles, such as engaging in regular physical activity and maintaining a balanced diet, which are essential for CVD prevention. 7 Additionally, psychosocial stressors associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, such as job insecurity and financial strain, can contribute to the development of CVD through mechanisms involving chronic inflammation and sympathetic nervous system dysregulation.…”