Socioeconomic position and incidence of acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis

Manrique-Garcia, Edison; Sidorchuk, Anna; Hallqvist, Johan; Moradi, Tahereh

doi:10.1136/jech.2009.104075

Cited by 131 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…This relationship is consistent with studies previously conducted in different regions of the world [13,16,18,26]. A study [27] describes a Meta-analysis study on the socioeconomic position and incident of AMI. It also shows that education level was strongly associated with the risk of developing MI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Non Clinical Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis Approach

Mr¹,

Ansar²,

Hanif³

et al. 2017

J Biom Biostat

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IntroductionCardiovascular disease is a commonly used term that refers to the diseases that affect the heart and other parts of the cardiac system of the body. The cardiovascular diseases that affect the coronary arteries of the heart are called Coronary Heart Diseases (CHD) [1]. Myocardial Infarction (MI) is one of the diseases in this group. A large number of people die every year due to this fatal disease. In 2013, the number of people who died from cardiovascular disease (CVD) was more than 17.3 million (95% uncertainty interval, 16.5 to 18.1), representing an increase from 1990 of 40.8% [2]. The burden of Coronary Heart Disease is increasing at a greater rate in South Asian countries than the other countries of the world. It has been estimated that the risk of MI would be doubled in the next 20 years [3]. According to American Heart Association, approximately one of every six deaths in United States is caused by MI [4,5]. Another study showed that the high prevalence of MI in Pakistan with more than 30% of the population over 45 years of age is affected by this disease [3]. This statistics has revealed that this disease is growing at alarming rate in the world. A mammoth literature is available on this disease. As a result many medical, social, economic, demographic risk factors were explored in the literature.In this literature medical factors got significant attention by medical professionals and practitioners. The least attention has been paid to non-clinical factors (demographic and socioeconomic factors) which can play significant role in causing MI [6][7][8]. Age, gender and family history of MI are demographic factors and education is a socioeconomic factor. Age and gender has been found as powerful risk factors of MI [9]. It has also been observed that chances of getting MI increases as the age of the patients increases. Another study shows that MI in patients less than the age of 40 is 10% of all the cases [10]. A study conducted in Bangladesh shows that the incidence of AMI was more frequent among the patients of age group 50-59 years [11]. Recently a health survey conducted in England suggests that 4% of men and 0.5% of women have had an MI [12]; however, after the age of 70 both genders have equal chance of getting this disease. It has been observed that women have experienced their first MI on the average 9 years later than men [13].Family history of heart diseases has also emerged as an important predictor of MI in many studies. A family history of MI increases the risk of CHD especially for MI. The National Cholesterol Education Program highlights that an individual may have a positive history of MI if his close blood relative male (father or brother) has MI younger than 55 years or female (his mother or sister) has MI younger than 65 years [14]. AbstractBackground: Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a coronary heart disease that is one of the main causes of the mortality over the globe. There are various clinical and non-clinical risk factors that can be further classified as modifiable and non...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Non Clinical Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis Approach

Mr¹,

Ansar²,

Hanif³

et al. 2017

J Biom Biostat

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“…These factors seem to have an independent impact on morbidity and mortality, especially coronary heart disease [56][57][58][59].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Drinking Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol—a universal preventive agent? A critical analysis

Fekjær¹

2013

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100

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Background In observational studies, moderate drinking is associated with a reduced risk of more than twenty different diseases and health problems. However, it would be premature to conclude that there is a causal relationship. Method This paper critically reviews the evidence for such associations. Findings It was found that reasons for questioning the causal association of moderate drinking and a reduced health risk are: the lack of dose-response relationships; the characteristics and lifestyles of today's abstainers and moderate drinkers; the lack of plausible biological mechanisms; the problems in the classification of drinking groups, and; the general limitations of observational studies. Conclusions The evidence for the harmful effects of alcohol is undoubtedly stronger than the evidence for beneficial effects.

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“…An association between employment status and metabolic syndrome was not observed in the group with a low level of education. The findings revealed that educational level had a modifying effect on the relationship between employment status and metabolic syndrome among women and thus has implications INTRODUCTION Socioeconomic factors are important risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) (Manrique-Garcia et al, 2011;Marmot & Bartley, 2002;Marmot & Theorell, 1988). Employment is one of the major determinants of socioeconomic position (SEP) of both men and women, but the relation of employment to women's health and CHD have not been examined adequately, and the results thus far have been inconclusive.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Association Between Employment Status and Metabolic Syndrome in Women: Modifying Effect of Education

2012

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The aim of the researchers in this study was to examine the relations of paid work versus housework and educational level to metabolic syndrome in women. The study sample consisted of women who participated in a baseline survey of the Heart of Balcova Project, which is an ongoing cohort study in Izmir, Turkey. A randomly selected subsample of women who were aged 30-64 years and who were not retired or unemployed was derived from the individuals who participated in the Heart of Balcova Project. All data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 191 workers and 342 housewives. The association between employment status and metabolic syndrome was explored using multiple logistic regression models. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher among housewives than among workers. Among the women with a high educational level, odds of metabolic syndrome were significantly higher for housewives than for those who were employed. An association between employment status and metabolic syndrome was not observed in the group with a low level of education. The findings revealed that educational level had a modifying effect on the relationship between employment status and metabolic syndrome among women and thus has implications for improving the understanding of the importance of health and educational opportunities for housewives.

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Socioeconomic position and incidence of acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis

Cited by 131 publications

References 122 publications

Non Clinical Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis Approach

Non Clinical Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis Approach

Alcohol—a universal preventive agent? A critical analysis

The Association Between Employment Status and Metabolic Syndrome in Women: Modifying Effect of Education

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