Socioeconomic Risk Factors for Hospital-based Neonatal Death: A Population-based Study

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study to review the socioeconomic determinants of neonatal death compared to living infants in a multinational’s population. Methods: A retrospective data analysis of 58,990 births. Population-based Cohort study retrieved from the perinatal registry for the 4 years period. We compared socio-economic factors in cases of neonatal death [NND] who died in the hospital with infants who have discharged alive from the hospital [AL]. Socioeconomic factors including nationality, religion, marital status, level of education, parents’ occupation, family income, consanguinity, early childbearing, smoking, assisted conception, antenatal care, and place of delivery. Results: There were 336 cases of ND and 58,654 of AL. The prevalence of NND was 5.7/1000 births. There were more neonatal deaths among uneducated mothers with P-value < 0.0003, and OR=2.0, mothers with low income (P=0.0008, CI=1.34-3.16, OR=2.07), families living in a shared houses (P=0.008, CI=1.23-3.19, OR=1.34), consanguinity (P=0.005, CI=1.13-2.0, OR=1.5), unemployed father (P=0.027, CI=1.24-4.28, OR=2.4), father’s education (P=0.017, CI=1.065-1.92, OR=1.4), assisted conception (P= 0.0001, CI=2.99-5.46, OR=4.04) and those mothers with no antenatal care (P=0.0001, CI=2.54-4.48, OR=3.37). Preterm birth in a referral/tertiary hospital was significantly high. There was no negative impact of nationality, mother’s occupation, maternal age, gravidity, or smoking. Comparing means among maternal and neonatal outcome categories showed no negative impact of crowding index (family members/number of rooms), number of rooms, number of family members, number of children in the house, or number of parties. Conclusion: In this study, antenatal care, parent’s education, father’s unemployment, low income of the mother, poor housing, consanguinity, assisted conception, and preterm birth were all associated with in-hospital neonatal death.

The Impact of Sociodemographic, Macroeconomic, and Health Status and Resources on Infant Mortality Rates in Oman: Evidence from 1980 to 2022

“…For a more detailed view of every variable used in the study and their descriptions and definitions, refer to Table 1 . The proposed variables to reflect the HSR construct were: Vaccination coverage as measured by four indicators (percentage of newborns protected against tetanus, as well as the percentage of 1-year-olds immunized with BCG, MCV1, and Pol3), Births attended by skilled health personnel, and universal health coverage (UHC) service coverage index [ 47 , 48 , 49 ]. To reflect the SD construct, the following MVs were suggested: crude birth rate, adolescent fertility rate, total fertility rate, and percentages of women married [ 25 , 27 , 50 ].…”

“…To reflect the SD construct, the following MVs were suggested: crude birth rate, adolescent fertility rate, total fertility rate, and percentages of women married [25,27,50]. To reflect the ME construct, the following MVs were used: GDPpc, and employment to population ratio [26,47,51]. A systematic review and meta-analysis were first undertaken to assess all the available literature in the GCC region, including Oman, to understand what factors affected IMR in the area [28].…”

“…To reflect the SD construct, the following MVs were suggested: crude birth rate, adolescent fertility rate, total fertility rate, and percentages of women married [25,27,50]. To reflect the ME construct, the following MVs were used: GDPpc, and employment to population ratio [26,47,51].…”

The Impact of Sociodemographic, Macroeconomic, and Health Status and Resources on Infant Mortality Rates in Oman: Evidence from 1980 to 2022

“…For a more detailed view of every variable used in the study and their descriptions and definitions, refer to Table 1. The proposed variables to reflect the HSR construct were: Vaccination coverage as measured by four indicators (percentage of newborns protected against tetanus, as well as the percentage of 1year-olds, immunized with BCG, MCV1, and Pol3), Births attended by skilled health personnel, and universal health coverage (UHC) service coverage index [48][49][50]. To reflect the SD construct, the following MVs were suggested: Crude birth rate, Adolescent fertility rate, total fertility rate, and percentages of women married [26,28,51].…”

“…To reflect the SD construct, the following MVs were suggested: Crude birth rate, Adolescent fertility rate, total fertility rate, and percentages of women married [26,28,51]. To reflect the ME construct, the following MVs were used: GDPpc, and employment to population ratio [27, 48,52].…”