“…Income was an important factor, and those individuals with a low income (<$10,000 per year compared with those earning $25,000 or more annually) had a substantially increased risk of developing ESCC (African American OR: 8.00, 95 % CI: 4.30-15.00; Caucasian OR: 4.30, 95 % CI: 2.10-8.70). Another case-control study from India compared 703 cases of ESCC with 1664 controls matched by age, sex, and geographic area [ 45 ]. After adjusting for ethnicity, place of residence, religion, education, fruit intake, vegetable intake, smoking status, hookah, nass and ever use of bidi, gutka, and alcohol consumption, there was a strong relationship between occupations requiring physical activity and ESCC (OR: 5.65, 95 % CI: 3.49-9.12).…”