Socioeconomic Status and Longitudinal Lung Function of Healthy Mexican Children

Martínez-Briseño, David; Fernández-Plata, Rosario; Gochicoa‐Rangel, Laura; Torre-Bouscoulet, Luis; Rojas, Rosalba; Mendoza-Alvarado, Laura R; García-Sancho, Cecilia; Pérez‐Padilla, Rogelio

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136935

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The direction of associations between lower maternal education and lung function in our study was unexpected and not consistent with the weight of existing evidence regarding socio‐economic status (SES) and child health . While we do not have a good explanation for these findings, it could be chance findings in the context of multiple comparisons or inaccurate measurement of maternal education.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Early life exposure to coal mine fire smoke emissions and altered lung function in young children

et al. 2019

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Background and objective Long‐term respiratory risks following exposure to relatively short periods of poor air quality early in life are unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between exposure to a 6‐week episode of air pollution from a coal mine fire in children aged <2 years, and their lung function 3 years after the fire. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study. Individual exposure to 24‐h average and peak concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) during the fire were estimated using dispersion and chemical transport modelling. Lung function was measured using the forced oscillation technique (FOT), generating standardized Z‐scores for resistance and reactance at a frequency of 5 Hz (Rrs5 and Xrs5), and area under the reactance curve (AX). We used linear regression models to assess the associations between PM2.5 exposure and lung function, adjusted for potential confounders. Results Of the 203 infants originally recruited, 84 aged 4.3 ± 0.5 years completed FOT testing. Median (interquartile range, IQR) for average and peak PM2.5 were 7.9 (6.8–16.8) and 103.4 (60.6–150.7) μg/m3, respectively. The mean ± SD Z‐scores for Rrs5, Xrs5 and AX were 0.56 ± 0.80, –0.76 ± 0.88 and 0.72 ± 0.92, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders including maternal smoking during pregnancy, a 10 μg/m3 increase in average PM2.5 was significantly associated with worsening AX (β‐coefficient: 0.260; 95% CI: 0.019, 0.502), while the association between a 100‐μg/m3 increase in peak PM2.5 and AX was borderline (0.166; 95% CI: −0.002, 0.334). Conclusion Infant exposure to coal mine fire emissions could be associated with long‐term impairment of lung reactance.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Early life exposure to coal mine fire smoke emissions and altered lung function in young children

et al. 2019

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“…From the 33 articles incorporated in this review, 27 used education as the socioeconomic indicator, or as part of an index of socioeconomic circumstances; reporting mainly both parents’ education29 31 32 35–39 44 47–51 or the mothers’ education 9 37 40–42 46 52–54. Occupation and income were reported in 12 studies, mainly as both parents’ occupation30 35 36 38 44 46 47 53 and family or household income 6 31 35 36 39 41 42 44 50 51…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the included studies reported estimates for FEV 1 , either as mean values of volume,6 9 10 30 35 36 46 48–50 52 54 mean difference,34 44 46 percentages,29 39 percentage of predicted,31 37 38 40–43 45 46 51 53 55 percentage of change,7 32 33 56 z-scores,8 45 and/or the relation between FEV 1 and FVC 29 30 33 35 37 47 50…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic circumstances and respiratory function from childhood to early adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveDisadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances in early life have the potential to impact lung function. Thus, this study aimed to summarise evidence on the association between socioeconomic circumstances and respiratory function from childhood to young adulthood.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines, Medline, ISI-Web of Science and Scopus were searched from inception up to January 2018. Original studies on the association between socioeconomic circumstances and respiratory function in early ages (ie, participants younger than 25 years of age) were investigated. Two investigators independently evaluated articles, applied the exclusion criteria, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A meta-analysis of the standardised mean difference and 95% CI in respiratory function between participants from different socioeconomic circumstances was conducted, using a random-effects model.ResultsThirty-three papers were included in this review and 23 showed that disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances were significantly associated with reduced respiratory function. The meta-analysis including seven papers showed a significant difference of −0.31 (95% CI −0.42 to −0.21) litres in forced expiratory volume in the first second between children, adolescents and young adults from disadvantaged versus advantaged socioeconomic circumstances. Specifically a difference of −0.31 (95% CI −0.51 to −0.10) litres in girls and −0.43 (95% CI −0.51 to −0.35) litres in boys was observed.ConclusionsChildren, adolescents and young adults from disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances had lower respiratory function, and boys presented higher respiratory health inequalities. This information contributes to explain the social patterning of respiratory diseases, and might enable health policy makers to tackle respiratory health inequalities at early ages.

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“…Another limitation is the lack of socioeconomic data, in particular, on parental level of education and income, as well as on environmental factors, because these unquestionably influence lung development and may explain, in part, the differences observed in lung function among the white, black, and brown children in our sample. 21 , 22 It is also noteworthy that we employed conventional multiple linear regression, in which it is assumed that the variance is homogeneously distributed over the height and age range. This problem was mitigated by the log transformation of the data and because a narrow age range was assessed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values for spirometry in Brazilian children

et al. 2020

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Objective: To generate reference values for spirometry in Brazilian children 3-12 years of age and to compare those values with the values employed in the equations currently in use in Brazil. Methods: This study involved healthy children, 3-12 years of age, recruited from 14 centers (primary data) and spirometry results from children with the same characteristics in six databases (secondary data). Reference equations by quantile regressions were generated after log transformation of the spirometric and anthropometric data. Skin color was classified as self-reported by the participants. To determine the suitability of the results obtained, they were compared with those predicted by the equations currently in use in Brazil. Results: We included 1,990 individuals from a total of 21 primary and secondary data sources. Of those, 1,059 (53%) were female. Equations for FEV 1 , FVC, the FEV 1 /FVC ratio, FEF between 25% and 75% of the FVC (FEF 25-75% ) and the FEF 25-75% /FVC ratio were generated for white-, black-, and brown-skinned children. The logarithms for height and age, together with skin color, were the best predictors of FEV 1 and FVC. The reference values obtained were significantly higher than those employed in the equations currently in use in Brazil, for predicted values, as well as for the lower limit of normality, particularly in children with self-reported black or brown skin. Conclusions: New spirometric equations were generated for Brazilian children 3-12 years of age, in the three skin-color categories defined. The equations currently in use in Brazil seem to underestimate the lung function of Brazilian children 3-12 years of age and should be replaced by the equations proposed in this study.

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Socioeconomic Status and Longitudinal Lung Function of Healthy Mexican Children

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Early life exposure to coal mine fire smoke emissions and altered lung function in young children

Early life exposure to coal mine fire smoke emissions and altered lung function in young children

Socioeconomic circumstances and respiratory function from childhood to early adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Reference values for spirometry in Brazilian children

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