Socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome in Southwest Iran: results from Hoveyzeh Cohort Study (HCS)

Abstract

Background Socioeconomic status (SES) strongly predicts morbidity and premature mortality, especially for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, the effect of these factors on Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is not clear yet. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between socioeconomic indicators and MetS. Methods In this prospective cohort study, 10,009 people aged 35–70 enrolled from May 2016 to August 2018. The MetS was defined according to The Standard National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)—adult treatment panel III (ATP III) or NCEP-ATP III criteria. Demographics and socioeconomic data were gathered face-to-face through trained interviews. Also, lab, anthropometrics, and blood pressure measurements were assayed for participants. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between SES and MetS, adjusted for the potential confounding factors. Results The overall prevalence of MetS in the participants was 39.1%. The crude odds ratios were statistically significant for all the assessed variables (p < 0.05). After adjustment for age, sex, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use as potential confounders, the results indicated significant direct independent associations between skill level (p = 0.006) and Townsend index (p = 0.002) with MetS. In contrast, no significant associations between educational level and wealth status with MetS. Conclusion The results of our study showed that SES is related to MetS. Among the four assessed SES indicators, skilled levels and Townsend score are strongly associated with MetS. We recommend considering people's SES when interventional programs are planned and conducted on MetS in similar communities.

Periodontitis and the incidence of metabolic syndrome: An 8‐year longitudinal study of an adult Japanese cohort

“…with fewer years of education or lower household incomes were at higher risk for MetS (Ying et al, 2021). By contrast, another study reported that education and economic status did not show any significant association with the development of MetS (Saki et al, 2022).…”

“…A study of the association between socio‐economic factors and MetS has reported that women with fewer years of education or lower household incomes were at higher risk for MetS (Ying et al, 2021). By contrast, another study reported that education and economic status did not show any significant association with the development of MetS (Saki et al, 2022). Therefore, studies in populations with other characteristics that consider socio‐economic factors are needed to clarify the influence of oral health on the development of MetS.…”

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Intestinal Microbiome: An Inseparable Link

“…This is consistently shown and in several studies, 39 , 44 , 46 , 51 , 52 that highlighted external factors such as socioeconomic status. 53 Ruminococcaceae and Veillonellaceae were identified in a recent study as the main microbiota species associated with fibrosis severity in 171 Asian nonobese subjects. 54 In addition, a Finnish study including more than 6,000 patients found a strong association between the fatty liver index and a specific microbiome signature mostly belonging to order Lachnospirales and Oscillospirales.…”

Updates in Prevalence and Management of Metabolic Syndrome among Children in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review

“…The m MetS is a set of linked risk factors with metabolic etiology that might result in atherosclerotic cardiovascular illnesses (Guembe et al, 2020). Increased triglycerides, a changed glucose metabolism, decreased HDL-C, increased blood pressure, and obesity is some of the typical risk factors (Saki et al, 2022). Insulin resistance was typically the outcome of dysregulated cellular metabolism (DeBoer, 2019).…”