Socioeconomic status in Danish women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A register‐based cohort study

Rubin, Katrine Hass; Andersen, Marianne; Abrahamsen, Bo; Glintborg, Dorte

doi:10.1111/aogs.13514

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…To our knowledge, only one study has evaluated retirement among women with PCOS, as one dimension of socioeconomic status. This large Danish population study ( 13 ) had a cross-sectional, clinically rooted case–control design and reported that women with PCOS retired more often than non-PCOS women ( n = 870, 6% vs n = 1529, 4%, respectively). Our results, presenting cumulative risks in a total population sample, extend this evidence by showing that women with PCOS have an increased risk for early disability retirement compared to women without the condition (15.4% vs 8%, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We are aware of only one study that has addressed this issue – albeit indirectly – by evaluating the association between PCOS and occupation-based socioeconomic status (SES) ( 13 ). This large, cross-sectional Danish study found that women with PCOS (aged 25–60) were more often unemployed or on welfare and had retired early than non-PCOS women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have poorer work ability and higher disability retirement rate at midlife: a Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study

Kujanpää

Arffman

Vaaramo

et al. 2022

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presents with multiple comorbidities potentially affecting functioning. This was the first general population-based study to evaluate work ability, participation in working life, and disability retirement in middle-aged women with and without PCOS. Design: Cohort study. Methods: Women with PCOS (n=280) and women without PCOS symptoms or diagnosis (n=1573) were identified in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 and were evaluated for self-rated work ability and potential confounders at age 46. Next, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for disability and unemployment days were extracted from national registers during a prospective two-year follow-up. Lastly, we assessed hazard ratios (HRs) for disability retirement between 16 and 52 years of age from national registers. Results: The women with PCOS reported poorer ability to work at age 46, especially due to poorer health. During the two-year follow-up period, the affected women gained on average an additional month of disability and unemployment days, corresponding to an approximately 25% higher risk for both disability (IRR [95% CI] 1.25 [1.22–1.27]) and unemployment days (IRR [95% CI] 1.26 [1.23–1.28]) in models adjusted for health and socioeconomic factors. Lastly, we found a two-fold higher cumulative risk for disability retirement by age 52 compared to non-PCOS women (HR [95% CI] 1.98 [1.40–2.80]), which remained after adjusting for confounding factors (aHR [95% CI] 1.55 [1.01–2.38]). Conclusions: PCOS associates with lower participation in working life already in midlife. Acknowledging PCOS-related multimorbidity, concerted efforts are needed to support sustainable careers for women with PCOS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have poorer work ability and higher disability retirement rate at midlife: a Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study

Kujanpää

Arffman

Vaaramo

et al. 2022

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…This could probably be one of the reasons for the poor health and dietary pattern we studied in clinical parameters due to lack of education of women experienced low socio-economic status. [28,29]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative risks associated with Women’s Quality of life suffering from Metabolic, Reproductive and Psychological complications of PCOS: a comparative cross-sectional study.

Ishaq

Rizwani

Fatima

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder in young women. Physical appearance, menstrual irregularities, and infertility are viewed as the sole causes of mental distress that affects quality of life. Methods: It was a comprehensive cross-sectional study that targeted women of reproductive age who visited the Abbasi Shaheed hospital's gynecology, obstetrics, and endocrinology departments in Karachi, Pakistan; aimed to compare health hazards associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and how they affect patients' quality of life (QOL) in Karachi, Pakistan. According to inclusion criteria; around 450 patients were included. PCOS patients' quality of life was assessed using the Short Form-12 questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics was applied on collected data; Pearson’s chi square test with a p-value of <0.05 indicating statistically significance was used to determine the association among various risk factor with PCOS along with QOL. Results: All patients showed the main indications of PCOS, like obesity (n = 360, 80%), acne (n = 268. 59.55%), hirsutism (n = 279, 62%), and irregular menstruation (n = 324, 72%). 274 (60.88%) patients had multiple cysts of >10 mm in diameter as per sonographic results. It was also found that Patients with PCOS showed a high occurrence of health hazards including hypertension (n = 98, 21.77%), diabetes mellitus (n =123, 27.33%), sleep apnea (n = 252, (56%), infertility (n = 135, (30%), high cholesterol level (n = 82, 18.22%) and hyperandrogenism (n = 279, 62%); this lead us to further investigate the relative risks associated with PCOS and a comparative study between 50 PCOS and Non-PCOS women was carried out. The majority of patients had low QOL scores (n = 370, or 82.21 percent), with depression being the leading cause. It was noticed that PCOs patients with diabetes, hypertension, lipid imbalance and most of all obese are more inclined to develop health related risk from these disorders; additionally, this risk is doubled for patients having poor self-esteem (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: It was found that depression, and poor self-esteem as a result of metabolic and reproductive complication are interrelated with low QOL in PCOS patients; emphasizing on the need of revising the management strategies and psychological health valuation of women with PCOS.

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“…The association between socio-economic status and PCOS is likely to be complicated, if poor psychological health is a feature of the condition as our data suggest, since this affects engagement with schooling, further study, employment and careers ( Lagerveld et al , 2010 ; Finning et al , 2019 ). A Danish study of socio-economic factors and PCOS considers the further complexity of migration and ethnic background in relation to socio-economic status ( Rubin et al , 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis delayed: health profile differences between women with undiagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome and those with a clinical diagnosis by age 35 years

et al. 2021

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STUDY QUESTION Are reproductive, metabolic or psychological health profiles of women with clinically diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) different from those with undiagnosed PCOS? SUMMARY ANSWER Obtaining a clinical diagnosis of PCOS is strongly linked to the experience of fertility problems, but not clinical depression or poor metabolic health, although these were highly prevalent in women with PCOS irrespective of when they were diagnosed. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY PCOS is an endocrine disorder that is relative common, but heterogeneous in presentation. This may impact on the pathways to diagnosis and timely treatment. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A cross-sectional analysis of a community-based cohort of 974 women, established retrospectively when women were around 30 years of age. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS In this cohort of women born in Adelaide, South Australia, half of women who met the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS were previously undiagnosed. We compared women with prior clinical diagnosis of PCOS, those diagnosed through participation in this research, and the remainder in the cohort. Sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive, metabolic and psychological health, including medical conditions and medications were considered. Logistic regression was undertaken to identify independent predictors of prior clinical diagnosis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE There were 56 women with a prior clinical diagnosis of PCOS (5.7%) and a further 64 (6.6%) were undiagnosed until study entry. The great majority of women with a prior diagnosis of PCOS reported having had problems with periods (95%) and excess body hair (63%). Corresponding proportions for women undiagnosed until study participation were slightly lower (81% and 45%, respectively). Although the proportion of women attempting or achieving pregnancy was similar across all groups, those with a prior diagnosis of PCOS were four times more likely to have reported difficulties becoming pregnant than those undiagnosed (odds ratio = 4.05, 95% CI 1.74–9.45) and frequently sought medical assistance. Metabolic problems were higher in both PCOS groups compared to women without PCOS. In both PCOS groups, the prevalence of clinical depression was 50% higher than in those with no PCOS (P = 0.021). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The number of women who were diagnosed with PCOS both prior to and during the study limited statistical power available to detect modest differences between the PCOS groups. Some women in the group classified as not having PCOS may have remained undiagnosed, but any bias from this source would contribute to more conservative findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Findings reinforce the need for early detection of PCOS symptoms from adolescence, ensuring timely diagnosis and appropriate health care. The high prevalence of depression among clinically diagnosed and undiagnosed women with PCOS suggests this is a feature of the condition and supports recent recommendations in the international PCOS guidelines to screen all women with PCOS for depression and anxiety. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by a project grant (2017) from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre for Research Excellence in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Grant ID APP1078444). R.C.F. and J.C.A. were supported by Robinson Research Institute Lloyd Cox Career Development Fellowships (2018). Establishment of the cohort was funded by an NHMRC Strategic Award No. 465455, a Career Development Award in Population Health (No. 349548) and the Australian Research Council (Future Fellowship FT100101018) awarded to M.J.D. All authors declared no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

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Socioeconomic status in Danish women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A register‐based cohort study

Cited by 15 publications

References 52 publications

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have poorer work ability and higher disability retirement rate at midlife: a Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have poorer work ability and higher disability retirement rate at midlife: a Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study

Relative risks associated with Women’s Quality of life suffering from Metabolic, Reproductive and Psychological complications of PCOS: a comparative cross-sectional study.

Diagnosis delayed: health profile differences between women with undiagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome and those with a clinical diagnosis by age 35 years

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