Socioeconomic status in relation to Parkinson's disease risk and mortality

Yang, Fei; Johansson, Anna L.V.; Pedersen, Nancy L.; Fang, Fang; Gatz, Margaret; Wirdefeldt, Karin

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000004337

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The AMORIS Study was also cross‐linked to the Swedish Censuses in 1970, 1980, 1985, and 1990 to obtain information regarding country of birth (Sweden, other Nordic countries, other, or unknown) and socioeconomic status (low, high, or unclassified or missing) at the time of recruitment. We adjusted for socioeconomic status because it has been associated with the level of inflammatory markers and potentially also PD and ALS . Socioeconomic status was originally classified as unskilled worker, skilled worker, lower employee, intermediate employee, higher employee, self‐employed, and farmer in the AMORIS Study, and we classified unskilled worker, skilled worker, and lower employee as low socioeconomic status, and intermediate employee, higher employee, self‐employed, and farmer as high socio‐economic status.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We adjusted for socioeconomic status because it has been associated with the level of inflammatory markers 14 and potentially also PD and ALS. 15,16 Socioeconomic status was originally classified as unskilled worker, skilled worker, lower employee, intermediate employee, higher employee, self-employed, and farmer in the AMORIS Study, and we classified unskilled worker, skilled worker, and lower employee as low socioeconomic status, and intermediate employee, higher employee, self-employed, and farmer as high socio-economic status.…”

Section: Prospective Cohort Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peripheral immune biomarkers and neurodegenerative diseases: A prospective cohort study with 20 years of follow‐up

Yazdani

Mariosa

Hammar

et al. 2019

Annals of Neurology

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Objective To assess the associations of several blood immune biomarkers with the future risks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson disease in a prospective cohort study with 20 years of follow‐up. Methods The Swedish Apolipoprotein‐Related Mortality Risk study is a longitudinal cohort study including 812,073 participants with repeated blood biomarker measurements between 1985 and 1996 and a follow‐up until 2011. Using a Cox model, we first estimated hazard ratios of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson disease in relation to leukocytes, immunoglobulin G, haptoglobin, and uric acid. We further described the temporal changes of these biomarkers during the 20 years prior to the diagnosis of these diseases. Results A total of 585 incident cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 3,769 incident cases of Parkinson disease were identified during the follow‐up. Increasing concentrations of leukocytes, haptoglobin, and uric acid were associated with a lower risk of Parkinson disease. No statistically significant association was, however, noted between the studied biomarkers and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Parkinson disease patients appeared to have lower levels of leukocytes and haptoglobin between 20 and 10 years before diagnosis and lower levels of uric acid during the 20 years before diagnosis, compared to controls, although statistically significant differences were only noted during parts of the respective time intervals after multivariable adjustment. No clear differences were noted between patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and controls. Interpretation If verified in studies of independent populations, our findings may suggest a different role of systemic inflammation on the risk of Parkinson disease compared to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:913–926

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prospective Cohort Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral immune biomarkers and neurodegenerative diseases: A prospective cohort study with 20 years of follow‐up

Yazdani

Mariosa

Hammar

et al. 2019

Annals of Neurology

Self Cite

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“…They may be more suited to jobs with higher socioeconomic status, both at interview and in the daily routine. This would explain the new observations . Furthermore, PD‐linked mutations have been around since prehistoric times and may therefore have had a selective advantage for young people encountering situations demanding rapid responses, for example, escape or hunting activities.…”

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confidence: 79%

“…Such jobs may be demanding of deeper thought, good discrimination, and quick judgments. In a second study of >4.5 million people from the Swedish census, those with lower socioeconomic status had a lower PD incidence …”

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confidence: 95%

A perceptive plus in Parkinson's disease

et al. 2018

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“…Similarly poverty is a well-cited risk factor for chronic disease and premature mortality both in Brazil and across the globe [20,21]. When specifically comparing socioeconomic status and PD mortality, Yang et al found that low-income was associated to higher mortality rates while Beard et al identified higher rates in the high-income population [22,23]. In our study, the mortality risk associated with occupational pesticide exposure was still observed when accounting for current wealth (as measured by private health insurance coverage), a history of low income, and low educational attainment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational pesticide exposure and the risk of death in patients with Parkinson’s disease: an observational study in Southern Brazil.

Medeiros

Reddy

Socal

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Multiple studies have suggested that various pesticides are associated with a higher risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may influence the progression of the disease. This study examines whether pesticide exposure influences the risk of mortality among patients with PD in Southern Brazil, when accounting for socioeconomic status, nicotine exposure, and caffeine exposure. Methods 150 patients with idiopathic PD were enrolled from 2008-2013 and followed until 2019. In addition to undergoing a detailed neurologic evaluation, patients completed surveys regarding socioeconomic status and environmental exposures. Results Twenty patients (13.3%) reported a history of occupational pesticide exposure with a median duration of exposure of 10 years (mean = 13.1, SD = 11.2). Patients with a history of occupational pesticide exposure had higher UPDRS-III scores, though there were no significant differences in regards to age, sex, disease duration, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and age at symptom onset. Patients with occupational pesticide exposure were more than twice as likely to die than their unexposed PD counterparts (HR = 2.32, 95% CI [1.15, 4.66], p = 0.22). Occupational pesticide exposure was also a significant predictor of death in a cox-proportional hazards model which included smoking and caffeine intake history and another which included several measures of socioeconomic status. Conclusion In this prospective cohort study, we found an increased all-cause mortality risk in PD patients with occupational exposure to pesticides. More studies are needed to further analyze this topic with longer follow-up periods, more detailed exposure information, and more specific causes of mortality.

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Socioeconomic status in relation to Parkinson's disease risk and mortality

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text

Cited by 46 publications

References 29 publications

Peripheral immune biomarkers and neurodegenerative diseases: A prospective cohort study with 20 years of follow‐up

Peripheral immune biomarkers and neurodegenerative diseases: A prospective cohort study with 20 years of follow‐up

A perceptive plus in Parkinson's disease

Occupational pesticide exposure and the risk of death in patients with Parkinson’s disease: an observational study in Southern Brazil.

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