Socioeconomic Status, Resources, Psychological Experiences, and Emotional Responses: A Test of the Reserve Capacity Model.

Gallo, Linda C.; Bogart, Laura M.; Vranceanu, Ana‐Maria; Matthews, Karen A.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.2.386

Cited by 282 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…Possible reasons for this include more health-related knowledge, access to better jobs, access to health care, and thus, presumably (and evidently), less daily stress. 40,41 Compared with results from a health risk assessment questionnaire conducted in 2117 households in Western New York in 1999, this free clinic population has higher rates of obesity and medically diagnosed hypertension, asthma, diabetes, anxiety, and depression. 42 The high level of obesity in this population is probably related to the high level of diabetes and heart disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Health Status of Patients of a Student-Run Free Medical Clinic in Inner-City Buffalo, NY

Cadzow¹,

Servoss²,

Fox³

2007

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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Methods: Clinic staff asked patients to fill out a Health Risk Assessment questionnaire that addressed their chronic disease and illness history, mental health, social support, substance use, income, education, and housing. Through statistical analysis of 469 anonymous patient questionnaires, we identified prevalent health conditions in this patient population and compared these rates to regional and national data.Results: Of those patients 20 years of age and older, 70% earned less than US $10,000 a year. The rates of obesity, hypertension, asthma, diabetes, anxiety, and depression were higher in this population than in the Buffalo, NY, region and the general United States population. Conclusion:The data reflect the health disparity experienced by low-income minority populations in the United States and emphasize a need to plan additional services that target hypertension, heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. When it comes to health, the United States ranks 24th among 191 nations.1 The United Kingdom, Canada, and Japan, to name a few, have higher health rankings, higher life expectancies, lower infant mortality rates, and lower health expense per capita. 1,2 These nations provide health care coverage universally, whereas 46.6 million United States residents (15.9%) are without health insurance.3 This is equivalent to more than 2 times the population of New York state. 4 Among the uninsured, African-Americans are disproportionately represented, with 19.6% lacking health insurance. 5Social safety net services such as Medicaid and Medicare provide free or reduced-cost insurance to some people who lack employment, are disabled, or whose jobs do not provide health insurance. There are many other people, though, who exceed the income limits to receive free health care coverage but make an insufficient income to pay out-of-pocket for their health insurance. 6 Among those uninsured, nearly 70% come from a family with at least one full-time worker. 5,7 Twenty-eight percent of the uninsured are parttime workers.5,7 Free clinics across the UnitedStates have functioned to partially patch this hole in the safety net by providing care to the underand uninsured. 8,9 Free medical clinics are typically staffed by volunteer physicians, nurse practitioners, and nurses, and often also include a dental care component. Most offer standard triage care and physical exams; some offer services such as screening for sexually transmitted diseases. The importance of free medical clinics as part of the health care safety net was underscored by a survey of 106 free clinics in the Midwestern United States that showed they cared for over 200,000 patients in a single year. Recently, free medical clinics have been established by students in medical schools or by the schools themselves. Student-run clinics operate with a variety of underserved populations, including migrant workers, rural Appalachian communities, and the homeless.11-13 Some student initiatives take place outside of the cli...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Health Status of Patients of a Student-Run Free Medical Clinic in Inner-City Buffalo, NY

Cadzow¹,

Servoss²,

Fox³

2007

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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“…However, other psychosocial resources (such as social support) have received substantial empirical scrutiny and also need to be accounted for in this process. In a daily study of workplace experiences, Gallo et al (2005) found lower levels of perceived appraisal, belonging, and tangible social support in lower SES groups, which were directly related to less positive and more negative affect. Low-SES individuals also suffer most with respect to social resources following major natural disasters (Kaniasty & Norris, 1995;Norris & Kaniasty, 1996).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Empirical evidence supports this model. In a daily study, Gallo et al (2005) found that lower SES women had fewer psychological resources available to them (including personal control) that were directly connected to more stressful daily experiences at work and home.…”

Section: Relating Initial Personal Control To Future Perceptions Of Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disentangling the indirect links between socioeconomic status and health: The dynamic roles of work stressors and personal control.

Christie

Barling

2009

Journal of Applied Psychology

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Prior research has documented an indirect link between socioeconomic status (SES) and health, and the goal in this study was to help unravel this phenomenon from a dynamic perspective. The authors hypothesized that SES would be positively related to feelings of personal control and negatively related to perceived work stressors. Drawing on dynamic conceptualizations of these psychosocial factors, they suggest that these psychosocial factors relate to one another over time. Individuals who have higher levels of personal control experience increasingly fewer work stressors over time than do those with lower levels of personal control, and those who experience greater work stressors increasingly perceive less personal control over time than do those with fewer work stressors. Finally, the authors argue that trajectories of personal control and work stressors are associated with the accumulation of health problems over the same period. Their model was tested with 3-wave data (over 4 years) from a nationally representative sample of Canadian employees (N ϭ 3,419). Latent curve modeling provides support for the proposed dynamic model. Conceptual and practical implications are drawn, and suggestions for future research are outlined.

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“…Informal caregivers with low income and poor job tend to have less self-control and thereby becoming highly sensitive to environmental stressors. They also tend to develop a form of physical and mental illness or a lower sense of well-being (Gallo, Bogart, Vranceanu, & Matthews, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income and Occupation as Correlates of Well-Being of Caregivers of Children with Disabilities in South-Western Nigeria

Isaac

Tanga

2014

MJSS

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Several research studies have sought to look into the well-being of caregivers, however, little has been done on determinants of well-being among caregivers of physically challenged children in south-western Nigeria. This paper aims at investigating the impact of income and occupation on the well-being of informal caregivers of physically challenged children. However, data for this paper is from a larger study on the determinants of well-being of informal caregivers in southwest of Nigeria. Quantitative research method was used to explore the impact of income and occupation on the well-being of informal caregivers. Eight hundred and twelve informal caregivers were selected through their disabled children from different special schools in three states in western Nigeria. Data were collected using caregivers' socio-economic status scale (urban) by Kuppuswamy (1962) and Ryff's (1989)

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Socioeconomic Status, Resources, Psychological Experiences, and Emotional Responses: A Test of the Reserve Capacity Model.

Cited by 282 publications

References 93 publications

The Health Status of Patients of a Student-Run Free Medical Clinic in Inner-City Buffalo, NY

The Health Status of Patients of a Student-Run Free Medical Clinic in Inner-City Buffalo, NY

Disentangling the indirect links between socioeconomic status and health: The dynamic roles of work stressors and personal control.

Income and Occupation as Correlates of Well-Being of Caregivers of Children with Disabilities in South-Western Nigeria

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