“…Only a handful of studies have investigated cross-cultural effects in moral emotion attribution (e.g., Keller et al, 2003;Krettenauer & Jia, 2013;Malti & Keller, 2010). Most pertinent to the current study, Chaparro, Kim, Fernandez, and Malti (2013) compared moral emotion attribution in 6-and 9-year-old children from Chile and Switzerland and found that 6-year-old Chilean children (like Spanish children defined as belonging to a collectivistic culture; see López-Pérez, Gummerum, Keller, Filippova, & Gordillo, 2015) attributed more (but not significantly so) moral emotion in the happy victimizer task than Swiss 6-year-olds. However, in both cultures, younger children tended to attribute positive emotions to the violator, whereas older children mostly attributed negative, moral emotions.…”