Sodar Sounding of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer: Review of Studies at the Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences

Kallistratova, M. A.; Petenko, Igor; Kouznetsov, Rostislav; Kulichkov, S. N.; Chkhetiani, О. G.; Chunchusov, I. P.; Lyulyukin, V. S.; Zaitseva, D. V.; Vazaeva, N. V.; Kuznetsov, D. D.; Perepelkin, V. G.; Bush, G. A.

doi:10.1134/s0001433818030088

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This phenomenon has been studied and described for many decades [3,36]. Particular contribution to the description of LLJs has been due to results obtained from different remote sensing techniques, such as radars [37,38], lidars [39][40][41][42], and sodars [43][44][45]. These techniques allow not only the measurement of vertical profiles of wind velocity, but also the visualisation of some aspects of the spatial and temporal structure of turbulence in LLJs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulence, Low-Level Jets, and Waves in the Tyrrhenian Coastal Zone as Shown by Sodar

Petenko

Casasanta

Bucci³

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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The characteristics of the vertical and temporal structure of the coastal atmospheric boundary layer are variable for different sites and are often not well known. Continuous monitoring of the atmospheric boundary layer was carried out close to the Tyrrhenian Sea, near Tarquinia (Italy), in 2015–2017. A ground-based remote sensing instrument (triaxial Doppler sodar) and in situ sensors (meteorological station, ultrasonic anemometer/thermometer, and net radiometer) were used to measure vertical wind velocity profiles, the thermal structure of the atmosphere, the height of the turbulent layer, turbulent heat and momentum fluxes in the surface layer, atmospheric radiation, and precipitation. Diurnal alternation of the atmospheric stability types governed by the solar cycle coupled with local sea/land breeze circulation processes is found to be variable and is classified into several main regimes. Low-level jets (LLJ) at heights of 100–300 m above the surface with maximum wind speed in the range of 5–18 m s−1 occur in land breezes, both during the night and early in the morning. Empirical relationships between the LLJ core wind speed characteristics and those near the surface are obtained. Two separated turbulent sub-layers, both below and above the LLJ core, are often observed, with the upper layer extending up to 400–600 m. Kelvin–Helmholtz billows associated with internal gravity–shear waves occurring in these layers present opposite slopes, in correspondence with the sign of vertical wind speed gradients. Our observational results provide a basis for the further development of theoretical and modelling approaches, taking into account the wave processes occurring in the atmospheric boundary layer at the land–sea interface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulence, Low-Level Jets, and Waves in the Tyrrhenian Coastal Zone as Shown by Sodar

Petenko

Casasanta

Bucci³

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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“…During large-scale flow, nighttime stability is toward neutral conditions and therefore the SODAR signal of reflectivity is lower than breeze cases [ 7 , 33 ]. During breeze regime in day-night (unstable-stable) and night-day (stable—unstable) transitions, a strong variability of reflectivity signal is observed during the nighttime and when the breeze starts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Vertical Structure of the Coastal Boundary Layer Integrating Surface Measurements and Ground-Based Remote Sensing

Feudo

Calidonna

Avolio

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The understanding of the atmospheric processes in coastal areas requires the availability of quality datasets describing the vertical and horizontal spatial structure of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) on either side of the coastline. High-resolution Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models can provide this information and the main ingredients for good simulations are: an accurate description of the coastline and a correct subgrid process parametrization permitting coastline discontinuities to be caught. To provide an as comprehensive as possible dataset on Mediterranean coastal area, an intensive experimental campaign was realized at a near-shore Italian site, using optical and acoustic ground-based remote sensing and surface instruments, under different weather characteristic and stability conditions; the campaign is also fully simulated by a NWP model. Integrating information from instruments responding to different atmospheric properties allowed for an explanation of the development of various patterns in the vertical structure of the atmosphere. Wind LiDAR measurements provided information of the internal boundary layer from the value of maximum height reached by the wind profile; a height between 80 and 130 m is often detected as an interface between two different layers. The NWP model was able to simulate the vertical wind profiles and the eight of the ABL.

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“…A significant progress has been made over the last years with the technological development of the ground-based instruments for remote sensing measurements of atmospheric characteristics and they have been established as reliable and indispensable tools in a number of innovative scientific methods for the study of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. On the other hand, the complexity of the observed coastal processes includes the air masses transformation when passing the sharp change in the physical characteristics of the surface and the formation of an Internal Boundary Layer (IBL).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Speed Profile Statistics from Acoustic Soundings at a Black Sea Coastal Site

Barantiev

Batchvarova

2021

Atmosphere

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More than seven years of remote sensing data with high spatial and temporal resolution were investigated in this study. The 20-min moving averaged wind profiles form the acoustic sounding with Scintec MFAS sodar were derived every 10 min. The profiles covered from 30 to 600 m height with vertical resolution of 10 m. The wind speed probability and the Weibull distribution parameters were calculated by the maximum likelihood method at each level and then the profiles of the Weibull scale and shape parameters were analyzed. Diurnal wind speed at heights above 200 m has shown a well-expressed increase in the averaged values during the night hours, while during the day lower wind speeds were observed. The reversal height was explored from spatially and temporally homogenized diurnal wind speed data with applied quadratic functions for better interpretation of the results. In addition, analyses by type of air masses (land or sea air mass) were performed. One of the outcomes of the study was assessment of the internal boundary layer height, which was estimated to 50–80 m at the location of the sodar. The obtained information forms the basis for climatological insights on the vertical structure of the coastal boundary layer and is unique long-term data set important not only for Bulgaria but for coastal meteorology in general.

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Sodar Sounding of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer: Review of Studies at the Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences

Cited by 15 publications

References 48 publications

Turbulence, Low-Level Jets, and Waves in the Tyrrhenian Coastal Zone as Shown by Sodar

Turbulence, Low-Level Jets, and Waves in the Tyrrhenian Coastal Zone as Shown by Sodar

Study of the Vertical Structure of the Coastal Boundary Layer Integrating Surface Measurements and Ground-Based Remote Sensing

Wind Speed Profile Statistics from Acoustic Soundings at a Black Sea Coastal Site

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