Sodium alginate supplementation modulates gut microbiota, health parameters, growth performance and growth‐related gene expression in Malaysian MahseerTor tambroides

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of sodium alginate supplementation on gut microbiota composition, health parameters, growth performances and growth‐related gene expression of Malaysian mahseer. Five test diets were formulated by supplementing 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% sodium alginate. Triplicate groups of juvenile Tor tambroides (2.19 ± 0.05 g) were stocked in 15 aquaria (20 individuals per aquarium) and fed at 3.0% body weight per day for 60 days. PCoA and UPGMA analysis showed that gut bacterial community were more convergence in higher sodium alginate‐supplemented diets. The percentage of Porphyromonadaceae, Bacteroides, Plesiomonas and Shewanella were substantially higher and Aeromonas, Entomoplasmatales and Prevotellaceae were drastically lower in higher sodium alginate (0.2%–0.8%) diets. Sodium alginate supplementation (≥0.2%) significantly improved the haematocrit value and respiratory burst activity of T. tambroides. Growth performances and feed utilization were significantly higher in 0.2%–0.4% sodium alginate‐supplemented diets. The increased growth rate of T. tambroides was governed by both hyperplastic and hypertrophic muscle growth. Real‐time PCR data demonstrated that most of the growth‐related genes were significantly upregulated in 0.2%–0.4% sodium alginate‐supplemented diet. Finally, it can be concluded that sodium alginate should be supplemented at 2 g/kg in practical fish feed formulation.

Metabolic responses of juvenile GIFT strain of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) to dietary L‐tryptophan supplementation

“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports dietary supplementation of tryptophan upregulates the muscle growth‐related gene expression in any species of tilapia. However, there are certain studies that have reported the significant differences in mRNA expression of MyoD and myogenin that influenced muscle growth by hyperplasia and hypertrophy in Malaysian mahseer (Asaduzzaman et al., 2019); juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Michelato et al., 2017; Nebo et al., 2013); and pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Almeida et al., 2010). It is generally considered that myostatin acts as a negative growth regulator, which inhibits satellite cell proliferation during muscle growth of fishes (Lee et al., 2009).…”

Meta‐analysis of the use of seaweeds and their extracts as immunostimulants for fish: a systematic review

“…Cordero et al (2015) also investigated haemolytic activity (0%), respiratory burst (−20%) and phagocytic activity (+6.2%) in fish but none of these were significantly different from the control fish. More recent studies by Asaduzzaman et al (2019) and Sutili et al (2019) investigated the effect of seaweed‐based (non‐probiotic) treatments on the gut microbiome of fish and the immune response of fish and used more advanced bacterial diagnostic tools, including next‐gen sequencing (Asaduzzaman et al (2019) and real‐time PCR to target‐specific bacteria ( Aeromonas spp. and A. hydrophyla; Sutili et al (2019).…”

“…Regardless of the ingredient, both supplemented diets resulted in a decrease in the total bacterial abundance but an increase in abundance of Aeromonas species including the pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophyla . Asaduzzaman et al (2019) also used sodium alginate but here it was the ingredient of interest, at four doses from 0.1% to 0.8% to supplement the diet of Malaysian Mahseer ( Tor tambroides ). In that trial, fish lysozyme activity and respiratory burst activity both increased when fed sodium alginate compared with the unsupplemented control, as did the percentage of Porphyromonadaceae, Bacteroides, Plesiomonas sp.…”

“…Gut microbiome and innate immunity in farmed finfish The gut microbiota of fish has a strong influence on their metabolism, nutrition and immunity (Egerton et al 2018). However, in the 142 publications reviewed, only four investigated the effects of the treatments on gut microbiome as well as the innate immune functions (Cordero et al 2015;Vidal et al 2016;Sutili et al 2019;Asaduzzaman et al 2019). The two earlier studies used the probiotic Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp1 supplemented with sodium alginate (brown seaweed extract) in their treatments.…”

“…Cordero et al (2015) also investigated haemolytic activity (0%), respiratory burst (À20%) and phagocytic activity (+6.2%) in fish but none of these were significantly different from the control fish. More recent studies by Asaduzzaman et al (2019) and Sutili et al (2019) investigated the effect of seaweedbased (non-probiotic) treatments on the gut microbiome of fish and the immune response of fish and used more In that trial, fish lysozyme activity and respiratory burst activity both increased when fed sodium alginate compared with the unsupplemented control, as did the percentage of Porphyromonadaceae, Bacteroides, Plesiomonas sp. and Shewanella sp.…”