Sodium butyrate and short chain fatty acids in prevention of travellers' diarrhoea: A randomized prospective study

Krokowicz, Łukasz; Kaczmarek, B; Krokowicz, Piotr; Stojcev, Zoran; Mackiewicz, Jacek; Walkowiak, Jarosław; Drews, Michał; Banasiewicz, Tomasz

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2013.08.008

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Chemoprophylaxis should not be used for longer trips. Future travelers planning to use BSS chemoprophylaxis need to be warned that during administration of the drug their stools and tongues will turn black and that this harmless bismuth sulfi de salt group, 20 in the placebo group), the use of sodium butyrate and short-chain fatty acids as a prebiotic was evaluated for the prevention of TD ( 229 ). Noted was a signifi cant reduction in the occurrence of TD in the prebiotic group (4.5%) vs. 40% in the placebo group.…”

Section: Prophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults

Riddle

DuPont

Connor

2016

American Journal of Gastroenterology

331

250

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Acute diarrheal infections are a common health problem globally and among both individuals in the United States and traveling to developing world countries. Multiple modalities including antibiotic and non-antibiotic therapies have been used to address these common infections. Information on treatment, prevention, diagnostics, and the consequences of acute diarrhea infection has emerged and helps to inform clinical management. In this ACG Clinical Guideline, the authors present an evidence-based approach to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of acute diarrhea infection in both US-based and travel settings. Am J Gastroenterol 2016; 111:602-622; doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016 A follow-up survey where 3,568 respondents (median age 51) were asked at random about illness in the previous 7 days or previous month found that recall bias had an important eff ect on estimates of acute gastrointestinal illness ( 10 ). Using a 7-day exposure window, the estimated incidence of acute diarrhea was 1.6 episodes per person-year, compared with 0.9 episodes per person-year if asked about illness within the preceding month. Other population-based studies from Canada and western European countries using varied methodologies estimate annual incidence between 0.1 to 3.5 episodes per person-year ( 11 18. Antibiotic chemoprophylaxis has moderate to good effectiveness and may be considered in high-risk groups for short-term use. (Strong recommendation, high level of evidence) TD, traveler's diarrhea.

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Section: Prophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults

Riddle

DuPont

Connor

2016

American Journal of Gastroenterology

331

250

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Clinical studies have posited and reported that the concentration of SCFAs in blood and more importantly in the intestines may predispose to or prevent pathological conditions such as IBD ( 171 ), cancer and obesity ( 172 ), diabetes ( 173 ), and symptoms such as diarrhea ( 174 ). Interestingly, in a study with healthy physically active subjects a synbiotic supplement, increased fecal Lactobacillus paracasei with no appreciable effect on mucosal immunity ( 175 ).…”

Section: Prebiotics and Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Tolerance and Function: Associations Between Intestinal Bacteria, Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Phages

2018

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Post-birth there is a bacterial assault on all mucosal surfaces. The intestinal microbiome is an important participant in health and disease. The pattern of composition and concentration of the intestinal microbiome varies greatly. Therefore, achieving immunological tolerance in the first 3–4 years of life is critical for maintaining health throughout a lifetime. Probiotic bacteria are organisms that afford beneficial health effects to the host and in certain instances may protect against the development of disease. The potential benefits of modifying the composition of the intestinal microbial cohort for therapeutic benefit is evident in the use in high risks groups such as premature infants, children receiving antibiotics, rotavirus infections in non-vaccinated children and traveler's diarrhea in adults. Probiotics and prebiotics are postulated to have immunomodulating capabilities by influencing the intestinal microbial cohort and dampening the activity of pathobiont intestinal microbes, such as Klebsiella pneumonia and Clostridia perfringens. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria are examples of probiotics found in the large intestine and so far, the benefits afforded to probiotics have varied in efficacy. Most likely the efficacy of probiotic bacteria has a multifactorial dependency, namely on a number of factors that include agents used, the dose, the pattern of dosing, and the characteristics of the host and the underlying luminal microbial environment and the activity of bacteriophages. Bacteriophages, are small viruses that infect and lyse intestinal bacteria. As such it can be posited that these viruses display an effective local protective control mechanism for the intestinal barrier against commensal pathobionts that indirectly may assist the host in controlling bacterial concentrations in the gut. A co-operative activity may be envisaged between the intestinal epithelia, mucosal immunity and the activity of bacteriophages to eliminate pathobiots, highlighting the potential role of bacteriophages in assisting with maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Hence bacteriophage local control of inflammation and immune responses may be an additional immunological defense mechanism that exploits bacteriophage–mucin glycoprotein interactions that controls bacterial diversity and abundance in the mucin layers of the gut. Moreover, and importantly the efficacy of probiotics may be dependent on the symbiotic incorporation of prebiotics, and the abundance and diversity of the intestinal microbiome encountered. The virome may be an important factor that determines the efficacy of some probiotic formulations.

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“…Investigations have demonstrated that fecal SCFAs could serve as a valid, reliable diagnostic biomarker for diarrheal diseases (Treem et al, 1996; Farup et al, 2016). Moreover, as dietary regulation of SCFA levels stimulates intestinal water and ion absorption and reduces intestinal permeability and mucosal inflammation (Sivaprakasam et al, 2017; van der Beek et al, 2017), promoting SCFAs could alleviate diarrhea and maintain intestinal homeostasis (Krokowicz et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gegen Qinlian Decoction Treats Diarrhea in Piglets by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids

et al. 2019

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Gut microbiota and its metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), play important roles in diarrheal diseases. Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD), a Chinese herb formula, has been widely used to treat infectious diarrhea for centuries. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying its efficacy and whether it is mediated by gut microbiota and SCFAs. In this study, the composition of gut microbiota from bacterial diarrheal piglets was assessed using 16S rRNA analysis. The concentrations of fecal SCFAs were determined using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The expression of mucosal pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon was ascertained. Results showed that GQD reverses the reduction in the richness of gut microbiota, changes its structure, and significantly increases the relative abundances of SCFA-producing bacteria, including Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Ruminococcus , and Phascolarctobacterium . Moreover, GQD increased the levels of fecal SCFAs, including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. GQD thus attenuates diarrhea in piglets. Further, our results suggest that the SCFAs could help to attenuate mucosal pro-inflammatory responses following GQD treatment by inhibiting histone deacetylase and the NF-κB pathway. We thus suggseted that gut microbiota play an important role during diarrhea treatment, an effect may be promoted by the GQD-induced structural changes of the gut microbial community and production of SCFAs. The increased levels of SCFAs probably provide further help to attenuate mucosal inflammation and diarrhea. In conclusion, our study might provide evidence that GQD treats diarrhea maybe involved in modulating gut microbiota and increasing SCFA levels.

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Sodium butyrate and short chain fatty acids in prevention of travellers' diarrhoea: A randomized prospective study

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults

ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults

Immunological Tolerance and Function: Associations Between Intestinal Bacteria, Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Phages

Gegen Qinlian Decoction Treats Diarrhea in Piglets by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids

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