“…Pb, Cd, Zn), cationic pollutants (e.g. dyes) from various wastes as well as for retention of RE, clay minerals were also used (Torstenfelt et al, 1982;Weiss et al, 1998;Kraus et al, 2006;Bergaya et al, 2006aBergaya et al, , 2006bKlika et al, 2007Klika et al, , 2011Vopálka et al, 2015). Uptake and factors influencing retention of La, Ce, Sm, Gd, Er, and Y on montmorillonite were investigated and it was found that montmorillonite in aqueous dispersion modifies their pH and therefore the precipitation of RE(III) hydroxides begins already at pH 5 (Bruque et al, 1980).…”