Sodium chloride and soil texture interactions in irrigated field grown sultana grapevines. I. Yield and fruit quality

Abstract

The effects of the salinity of irrigation water on the productivity of mature grapevines was studied. We injected NaCl solutions into River Murray water to generate five salinity levels ranging from 0.37 to 3.47 dS m-l, with sodium adsorption ratios of between 2 and 37. These treatments were applied through a trickle irrigation system for six years to own-rooted sultana grapevines growing in a vineyard at Dareton, N.S.W. The effect of irrigation water salinity was most severe on vines growing in the most heavily textured soil, and increased with time. The yield ( 9 ) response was well described by the generalized logistic function:where y is yield, ECi is salinity of irrigation water, D is the theoretical yield at ECi=O, ECih is the half-effect ECi and a: is the shape parameter. Soil texture affected the response via an effect on ECih and, to a lesser extent, on a:. These parameters were related to % (silt & clay) in the final model, which was fitted for each of years 2 to 6 and accounted for 76.2% of the variance in yield.The yield response on the lightest soil most closely resembled the Maas-Hoffman 'bent-stick' model, being relatively flat at low levels of ECi and becoming steeper at moderate salinity levels. Yield losses for heavy soils were much greater than predicted by the Maas-Hoffman model. Bunch number was the primary determinant of yield, while a lower berry weight also contributed to the reduction in yield in salinized vines. Effects on dried fruit quality were apparent only when yield was severely reduced.

Three-year field response of drip-irrigated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Tempranillo) to soil salinity

“…Thus, Walker et al (2002) calculated for field-grown own-rooted Sultana vines that the growth reduction per unit ECe increase above the threshold was similar (9.3%) to that reported by Maas and Hoffman (1977), but the threshold ECe was 73% higher (2.6 dS m −1 ). Prior et al (1992a) found in a 6-year trickle irrigated trail with own-rooted Sultana grapevines that growth losses for heavy soils were much greater than predicted by the Maas and Hoffman model and that the effect of salinity increased with time. The response of Sultana was well described by a generalized logistic equation, with a continuous decline in growth with increasing salinity.…”

Identifying the future water and salinity risks to irrigated viticulture in the Murray-Darling Basin, South Australia

“…The average median seasonal EC sw increased almost three times (6.05 dS/m) compared to the corresponding baseline value (1.97 dS/m) and remained higher than the viticulture salinity threshold (4.2 dS/m) in 97% of climate change realizations. Eventually, enhanced levels of salt concentrations in the root zone exert an increased osmotic impact and reduce vine water uptake by roots, which in turn influences many physiological processes of the plant such as transpiration, photosynthesis (Russo et al, 2009), stem and leaf water potential (Walker et al, 1981), stomatal conductance (Walker et al, 1981;Prior et al, 1992a), and net assimilation rate (Downton et al, 1990). Ultimately, negative impacts of increased salinity and water stresses on physiological traits are transmitted into the fruit yield reduction (Prior et al, 1992b;Stevens et al, 1999;Walker et al, 2002;DeGaris et al, 2015) and the V. Phogat et al Agricultural Water Management 201 (2018) 107-117 deterioration of the berry juice composition (Prior et al, 1992a;DeGaris et al, 2015) and wine quality.…”

Genetic analysis of fruit shape traits at different maturation stages in sponge gourd

“…weather, soil, cultivation and management (Prior et al, 1992;Rouphael and Colla, 2005), however the phenotypic variation for many fruit quality traits of sponge gourd is mainly affected by fruit direct genetic effects, and also might be affected by maternal plant. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the fruit direct genetic effect and maternal plant genetic effect on the performance of fruit shape traits in sponge gourd at different maturation stages.…”