Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin Immobilization onto Hippospongia communis Marine Demosponge Skeleton and Its Antibacterial Activity

Abstract

In this study, Hippospongia communis marine demosponge skeleton was used as an adsorbent for sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC). Obtained results indicate the high sorption capacity of this biomaterial with respect to SCC. Batch experiments were performed under different conditions and kinetic and isotherms properties were investigated. Acidic pH and the addition of sodium chloride increased SCC adsorption. The experimental data were well described by a pseudo-second order kinetic model. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms were determined and the experimental data were analyzed using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The effectiveness of the process was confirmed by 13C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C CP/MAS NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). This novel SCC-sponge-based functional hybrid material was found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.

Functional titania–silica/chlorophyllin hybrids: design, fabrication, comprehensive physicochemical characteristic and photocatalytic test

“…Moreover, for the obtained hybrids, independently of the initial concentration of chlorophyllin used and the duration of the adsorption process, the efficiency of adsorption is maintained constantly high. Our observations are in agreement with Norman et al (2016), who also observed the high efficiency of chlorophyllin adsorption on the natural biopolymer H. communis.…”

“…Farag et al (2012) also reported that the first loss of the mass in the chlorophyllin degradation may be related to the evaporation of residual adsorbed water. The second mass loss of about 49% in the temperature range 250-500 °C, also observed by Norman et al (2016), is associated with the elimination of Cu 2+ ions. This degradation step was also mentioned by Farag et al (2012) work.…”

“…Moreover, the degree of elution of chlorophyllin from the surface of the TiO 2 -SiO 2 material was lower, which means that the former hybrids are more stable. However, Norman et al (2016) did not observe desorption of chlorophyllin from the surface of the natural biopolymer H. communis, this being attributed to the chemical bonding of chlorophyllin to the spongin-based sponge skeletons.…”

“…The three characteristic absorption bands at 991, 959 and 924 cm − 1 correspond to C-C stretching and bending vibrations in the pyrrole ring. The copper present in the structure of the chlorophyllin was observed in the range 750-570 cm − 1 (Norman et al 2016;Phongamwong et al 2017).…”

“…EDS analysis of the TSC hybrids shows that with increasing initial concentration of chlorophyllin there is an increase in the mass contribution of Cu (a characteristic element of chlorophyllin). Norman et al (2016) also used energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis to confirm the efficiency of adsorption of chlorophyllin on H. communis, and observed the presence of characteristic elements from both chlorophyllin and the sponge material in the obtained hybrids.…”