Bile acids (BAs) are physiologically important biosurfactants (Singh, Metrani, Shivanagoudra, Jayaprakasha, & Patil, 2019), which solubilize cholesterol, lipids, proteins, fatty acids, monoglycerides and vitamins in a human body. The strong solubilization power of BAs is related to their amphiphilic chemical structure, which is fundamentally different from the structures of other surfactants. As a general feature, natural BAs molecules have a steroid nucleus with concave hydrophilic and convex hydrophobic sides, containing OH and methyl groups, respectively (Figure 1a and Table 1). The chemical structures of BAs contain a short hydrocarbon chain with COOH or SO 3 H end groups. As a result, dissociated BAs molecules exhibit anionic properties in solutions. Properties of BAs are influenced by the number of OH groups bonded to a steroid core and nature of anionic groups. Modifying the hydroxyl or carboxyl groups of BAs creates a diverse set of BA-based compounds, maintaining some original properties and introducing novel properties as well. The unique distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains allows these molecules to self-organize into supramolecular assemblies in water. BAs salts form mixed micelles (Figure 1b) with various water-insoluble molecules and facilitate their dissolution. Moreover, BAs allow dispersion of hydrophobic materials, such as carbon nanotubes (Ata, Poon, Syed, Milne, & Zhitomirsky, 2018). The bifacial amphipathic BAs molecules act as compatibilizing agents between the water-insoluble