Sodium hypochlorite oxidation reduces soil organic matter concentrations without affecting inorganic soil constituents

Siregar, Adha Fatmah; Kleber, Markus; Mikutta, Robert; Jahn, Reinhold

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00680.x

Cited by 133 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This soil N MRT is similar to the average global soil C MRT of 32 y (23), a completely independent calculation that lends confidence in our mass-balance estimates. The soil at this study site has a relatively high specific surface area (24,25), and most of the SOM is physically protected by clay minerals rather than being chemically resistant to oxidation (24)(25)(26). The current conceptual framework indicates that this type of organo-mineral complex would have a much longer MRT than SOM stabilized biogeochemically (27); this would explain the high storage capacity for soil C in this site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Rapidly growing tropical trees mobilize remarkable amounts of nitrogen, in ways that differ surprisingly among species

Russell¹,

Raich

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Fast-growing forests such as tropical secondary forests can accumulate large amounts of carbon (C), and thereby play an important role in the atmospheric CO 2 balance. Because nitrogen (N) cycling is inextricably linked with C cycling, the question becomes: Where does the N come from to match high rates of C accumulation? In unique experimental 16-y-old plantations established in abandoned pasture in lowland Costa Rica, we used a mass-balance approach to quantify N accumulation in vegetation, identify sources of N, and evaluate differences among tree species in N cycling. The replicated design contained four broadleaved evergreen tree species growing under similar environmental conditions. Nitrogen uptake was rapid, reaching 409 (±30) kg·ha −1 ·y −1 , double the rate reported from a Puerto Rican forest and greater than four times that observed at Hubbard Brook Forest (New Hampshire, USA). Nitrogen amassed in vegetation was 874 (±176) kg·ha −1 , whereas net losses of soil N (0-100 cm) varied from 217 (±146) to 3,354 (±915) kg·ha −1 (P = 0.018) over 16 y. Soil C:N, δ 13 C values, and N budgets indicated that soil was the main source of biomass N. In Vochysia guatemalensis, however, N fixation contributed >60 kg·ha −1 ·y −1 . All species apparently promoted soil N turnover, such that the soil N mean residence time was 32-54 y, an order of magnitude lower than the global mean. High rates of N uptake were associated with substantial N losses in three of the species, in which an average of 1.6 g N was lost for every gram of N accumulated in biomass.carbon sequestration | forest regrowth | nitrogen cycle | soil organic nitrogen | species effects R ates of C accumulation can be rapid in secondary forests, to the extent that forest regrowth following harvest, abandonment of agricultural lands, and deforestation serves as an important sink for atmospheric CO 2 (1). The magnitude is on the order of 2.8 Pg C·y −1 (2), and thereby mitigates climate change. Moist tropical forests are especially productive: Tropical tree plantations capture 7-10 Mg C·ha −1 ·y −1 (3, 4). Abandoned agricultural and pasture land represents roughly half the landscape in the tropics (5); given its high C sequestration potential, if even half of these degraded ecosystems were reforested, it would substantially reduce rates at which CO 2 accumulates in the atmosphere. Tropical forests accounted for 55% of the 861 Pg C of the world's forest C stocks in 2007, a decrease from 58% in 1990 (6). From 1990 to 2007, deforestation of 284 Mha of intact tropical forests resulted in a loss of 58 Pg C while tropical forest regrowth on 110 Mha accrued 27 Pg C (6).Rapid C cycling is integrally linked to N cycling, because N-rich enzymes underlie photosynthesis and high N availability promotes plant productivity. The question becomes: Where does the N come from to match the observed high rates of C accumulation in biomass? Further, do tree species differ in this coupling of C and N cycling? From a conceptual framework, speciesspecific differences in the capture and ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Rapidly growing tropical trees mobilize remarkable amounts of nitrogen, in ways that differ surprisingly among species

Russell¹,

Raich

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The organic fraction before and after this treatment was measured by loss of ignition at 500 C. With the use of the NaOCl method, the effects of the treatment on the original matrix are minimized since the whole procedure is performed at room temperature and the natural pH of the marine sediments is not affected. Other traditional methods using H 2 O 2 or Na 2 SO 8 need prolonged heating (>40 C), causing the transformation of poorly crystalline minerals into more crystalline forms and consequently reducing the surface area of the sediment materials (Siregar et al, 2005), ultimately affecting sorption characteristics.…”

Section: Removal Of the Organic Fraction Of The Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sediment properties on the sorption of C12-2-LAS in marine and estuarine sediments

Rico-Rico

Temara

Behrends

et al. 2009

Environmental Pollution

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Sorption of C 12 -2-LAS to marine sediments mainly depends on both clay and organic carbon content. The importance of each parameter varies with the surfactant concentration. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tLinear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) are anionic high production volume surfactants used in the manufacture of cleaning products. Here, we have studied the effect of the characteristics of marine and estuarine sediments on the sorption of LAS. Sorption experiments were performed with single sediment materials (pure clays and sea sand), with sediments treated to reduce their organic carbon content, and with field marine and estuarine sediments. C 12 -2-LAS was used as a model compound. Sorption to the clays montmorillonite and kaolinite resulted in non-linear isotherms very similar for both clays. When reducing the organic content, sorption coefficients decreased proportionally to the fraction removed in fine grain sediments but this was not the case for the sandy sediment. The correlation of the sediment characteristics with the sorption coefficients at different surfactant concentrations showed that at concentrations below 10 mg C 12 -2-LAS/L, the clay content correlated better with sorption, while the organic fraction became more significant at higher concentrations.

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“…Among the chemical methods, acid hydrolysis (Trumbore and Zheng 1996;Leavitt et al 1996;Paul et al 1997;Silveira et al 2008), and chemical oxidation by various oxidizing agents including hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) (Theng et al 1999;Eusterhues et al 2005), disodium peroxodisulphate (Na 2 S 2 O 8 ) (Eusterhues et al 2003;Lorenz et al 2006), and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) Siregar et al 2005;Zimmermann et al 2007) have been used frequently. Both acid hydrolysis and chemical oxidation preferentially remove labile organic compounds such as proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides and retain relatively stable SOC fraction that is enriched in alkyl and aromatic C components (Leavitt et al 1996;Paul et al 2001;Mikutta et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of structural chemistry and isotopic signatures of refractory soil organic carbon fraction isolated by wet oxidation methods

et al. 2009

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Accurate quantification of different soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions is needed to understand their relative importance in the global C cycle. Among the chemical methods of SOC fractionation, oxidative degradation is considered more promising because of its ability to mimic the natural microbial oxidative processes in soil. This study focuses on detailed understanding of changes in structural chemistry and isotopic signatures of SOC upon different oxidative treatments for assessing the ability of these chemicals to selectively isolate a refractory fraction of SOC. Replicated sampling (to similar to 1 m depth) of pedons classified as Typic Fragiudalf was conducted under four land uses (woodlot, grassland, no-till and conventional-till continuous corn [Zea mays L.]) at Wooster, OH. Soil samples (< 2 mm) were treated with three oxidizing agents (hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), disodium peroxodisulfate (Na2S2O8) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)). Oxidation resistant residues and the bulk soil from A1/Ap1 horizons of each land use were further analyzed by solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and accelerator mass spectrometry to determine structural chemistry and C-14 activity, respectively. Results indicated that, oxidation with NaOCl removed significantly less SOC compared to Na2S2O8 and H₂O₂. The NMR spectra revealed that NaOCl oxidation preferentially removed lignin-derived compounds at 56 ppm and at 110-160 ppm. On the other hand, the SOC resistant to Na2S2O8 and H₂O₂ oxidation were enriched with alkyl C groups, which dominate in recalcitrant macromolecules. This finding was corroborated by the C-14 activity of residual material, which ranged from -542 to -259aEuro degrees for Na2S2O8 resistant SOC and -475 to -182aEuro degrees for H₂O₂ resistant SOC as compared to relatively greater C-14 activity of NaOCl resistant residues (-47 to 61aEuro degrees). Additionally, H₂O₂ treatment on soils after light fraction removal was more effective in isolating the oldest (C-14 activity of -725 to -469aEuro degrees) SOC fraction. The Delta C-14 signature of SOC removed by different oxidizing agents, calculated by mass balance, was more or less similar irrespective of the difference in labile SOC removal efficiency. This suggests that SOC isolated by many fractionation methods is still a mixture of much younger and older material and therefore it is very important that the labile SOC should be completely removed before measuring the turnover time of stable and refractory pools of SOC

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Sodium hypochlorite oxidation reduces soil organic matter concentrations without affecting inorganic soil constituents

Cited by 133 publications

References 25 publications

Rapidly growing tropical trees mobilize remarkable amounts of nitrogen, in ways that differ surprisingly among species

Rapidly growing tropical trees mobilize remarkable amounts of nitrogen, in ways that differ surprisingly among species

Effect of sediment properties on the sorption of C12-2-LAS in marine and estuarine sediments

Evaluation of structural chemistry and isotopic signatures of refractory soil organic carbon fraction isolated by wet oxidation methods

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