Sodium layered oxide cathodes: properties, practicality and prospects

Guo, Yu-Jie; Jin, Ruo-Xi; Fan, Min; Wang, Wen-Peng; Xin, Sen; Wan, Li-Jun; Guo, Yu-Guo

doi:10.1039/d4cs00415a

Chem. Soc. Rev.

2024

DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00415a

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Sodium layered oxide cathodes: properties, practicality and prospects

Yu-Jie Guo,

Ruo-Xi Jin,

Min Fan

et al.

Abstract: This review depicts a broad picture of fundamental electrochemical properties, challenges in practical use, improvement strategies and future prospects of Na layered oxides, attempting to offer insights into design high-performance Na cathodes.

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Cited by 15 publications

References 288 publications

(469 reference statements)

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Vacancy Remediation in Prussian Blue Analogs for High‐Performance Sodium and Potassium Ion Batteries

Wu,

Ren,

Wang

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have enormous potential for large‐scale energy storage due to their cost‐effectiveness, safety, and environmental compatibility. Developing high‐capacity and highly reliable cathode materials is key to advancing the commercialization of SIBs and PIBs. Low‐cost Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), with their open 3D framework and ease of synthesis, are preferred cathode materials for energy storage applications. However, the unique growth mechanism of PBAs introduces numerous Fe(CN)6 vacancies, which compromise structural integrity and result in capacity decay due to structural collapse during long‐term electrochemical cycling. Additionally, cracking can cause the dissolution of transition metal (TM) ions, undesirable interfacial reactions, and gas generation, which shorten the battery's lifespan and raise safety concerns. In this review, the mechanisms of growth and vacancy formation in PBAs is first clarified, providing a comprehensive overview of current strategies for vacancy remediation based on both bottom‐up and top‐down approaches. It is then elucidate how optimized vacancy remediation mechanisms can enhance lattice and interfacial stability, suppress TM dissolution and mitigate gas generation. Finally, it is discussed future research directions and provide perspectives on the further development of high‐performance cathode materials for SIBs and PIBs.

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Vacancy Remediation in Prussian Blue Analogs for High‐Performance Sodium and Potassium Ion Batteries

Wu,

Ren,

Wang

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Electrolyte Engineering of Hard Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Mechanism Analysis to Design Strategies

Cui,

Hou,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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The hard carbon (HC) anodes with desirable electrochemical performances including high initial Coulombic efficiency, superior rate performance and long‐term cycling play an indispensable role in the practical application of sodium ion batteries (SIBs), which are closely related to the electrolytes them matched. Fully analyzing the mechanism of electrolyte engineering for HC anodes is crucial for promoting the commercialization of SIBs, but is still lacking. In this review, the correlation between physicochemical properties of the electrolyte and the electrochemical performance of HC is first summarized. And point out the crucial role of electrolyte properties, including ion conductivity, de‐solvation energy, and interface passivation ability for the Na+ storage in HC. Then, the formation process, composition, as well as structure of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on HC surface are mainly discussed, and the structure‐activity relationship of SEI is analyzed in depth. Moreover, based on the mechanism analysis, relevant electrolyte design strategies have been summarized. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of the electrolyte engineering of HC are proposed. This review is expected to provide professional theoretical guidance for the development of electrolyte and contribute to the rational design of high‐performance HC anodes, promoting the industrialization of SIBs.

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Mitigating Long Range Jahn‐Teller Ordering to Stabilize Mn Redox Reaction in Biphasic Layered Sodium Oxide

Li,

Zhou,

Liu

et al. 2024

Advanced Energy Materials

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To develop the next‐generation commercial oxide cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries, it is crucial to reduce the expensive Ni element content, and further regulate redox reaction of cheap transition metal elements such as Mn to elevate specific capacity. Nevertheless, the activation of Mn redox reaction (MRR) remains a challenge, and notably, MRR induces pronounced Jahn‐Teller effect, resulting in severe structural distortion and fast performance decay. Herein, activated by Na vacancies and weakened hybridization of O (2p)‐TM (3d‐t2g) orbital, a biphasic low‐Ni Mn‐based oxide P2/O3‐Na0.8Ni0.23Fe0.34Mn0.43O2 (P2/O3) exhibits reversible MRR, which performs the transition between Mn4+ and Mn3+ during charging and discharging. Due to the interlaced arrangement of P2‐type and O3‐type crystal domains in P2/O3, the long range Jahn‐Teller ordering is restricted to mitigate the cooperative distortion of MnO6 octahedron induced by MRR and the Jahn‐Teller effect is suppressed, ensuring sustained stable involvement of MRR in charge compensation. In addition, owing to the introduction of P2‐type phase, there is a significant reduction of the migration barrier for sodium ions and no obvious capacity decline after air exposure, leading to a marked enhancement in dynamic performance and air stability of P2/O3, respectively. Consequently, P2/O3 exhibits excellent electrochemical and processing performance.

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Sodium layered oxide cathodes: properties, practicality and prospects

Abstract: This review depicts a broad picture of fundamental electrochemical properties, challenges in practical use, improvement strategies and future prospects of Na layered oxides, attempting to offer insights into design high-performance Na cathodes.

Cited by 15 publications

References 288 publications

Vacancy Remediation in Prussian Blue Analogs for High‐Performance Sodium and Potassium Ion Batteries

Vacancy Remediation in Prussian Blue Analogs for High‐Performance Sodium and Potassium Ion Batteries

Electrolyte Engineering of Hard Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Mechanism Analysis to Design Strategies

Mitigating Long Range Jahn‐Teller Ordering to Stabilize Mn Redox Reaction in Biphasic Layered Sodium Oxide

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