Sodium MRI: Methods and applications

Madelin, Guillaume; Lee, Jae Seung; Regatte, Ravinder R.; Jerschow, Alexej

doi:10.1016/j.pnmrs.2014.02.001

Cited by 190 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 214 publications

(240 reference statements)

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“…Using MRS to assess sodium has also been explored in muscle disease. 12 This technique has shown promise in helping to diagnose several non-inflammatory muscle disorders and may prove to be useful in differentiating IIM in a non-invasive manner from some of its potential mimickers. 13 MRS can also give insights into muscle energy metabolism.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging

Schiffenbauer

2014

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

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Purpose of review The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are diseases that can be difficult to diagnose and evaluate, but diagnosis has been improved by modern imaging techniques. Advances in imaging continue to be made. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate the implications of these advances for the diagnosis, understanding, and management of muscle diseases. Recent findings There have been advances in imaging across multiple modalities. Several new radiotracers show an improved ability to focus on inflammation better than older agents. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy has shown the ability to diagnose several idiopathic inflammatory myopathy mimics. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals previously unknown areas of disease when used for full body imaging. Ultrasound has the ability to differentiate inclusion body myositis from other myopathies. Summary Currently magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound offer the most information about these diseases in a given patient, and new advances in these fields have served to only make them more useful. New advances in nuclear imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy are showing they have utility as well, and advances in these techniques may allow them to come to the forefront in evaluating difficult idiopathic inflammatory myopathy patients.

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Section: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging

Schiffenbauer

2014

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

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“…Sodium is the most abundant cation in the human body, and is vital for cellular function and integrity [14,15]. Normally, the intracellular space accounts for ≈ 80% of tissue volume with a sodium concentration of 10–15 mM, separate from an extracellular volume fraction of ≈ 20% with a sodium concentration of 140–150 mM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leaky cell membranes or impaired Na + /K + exchange kinetics potentially change the cytosolic total tissue sodium, making sodium changes potential indicators of a wide range of disease states. Typically, an increase of total tissue sodium concentration indicates a loss of tissue viability associated with an increase of intracellular sodium due to the loss of integrity of the cell, and also an increase of extracellular volume when cells are injured [14,16–20]. Decreases in sodium are often associated with loss of negatively charged moieties such as proteoglycans (PGs) [15,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

R 1ρ dispersion and sodium imaging in human calf muscle

Wang

Zhu

Kang

et al. 2017

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose: To evaluate the magnitude of chemical exchange effects and R1ρ dispersion in muscle and their relationship to tissue sodium levels with aging. Methods: Seven healthy volunteers (aged 24 to 87 years, median age 47) underwent MRI to assess tissue sodium levels and water T1ρ values at different spin-locking frequencies in calf muscles. T1ρ values at each locking ﬁeld were computed based on a three-parameter mono-exponential model to ﬁt signals obtained at different locking times, and R1ρ (= 1/T1ρ) rates were compared at different locking ﬁelds. In particular, the dispersion of R1ρ (ΔR1ρ = R1ρ(0 Hz) − R1ρ(500 Hz)) was examined as a function of subject age. Muscle sodium content was calculated by comparing signal intensities between tissues and reference standards within the same image. The variations of ΔR1ρ with age and sodium were analyzed by linear regression. Results: T1ρ values and sodium content both increased with age. R1ρ dispersion also increased with age and showed a strong linear correlation (correlation coefﬁcient r = 0.98, P = 0.000578) with sodium content. Conclusion: ΔR1ρ reports on the contribution of labile protons such as hydroxyls which may be associated with macromolecule accumulation in the extracellular matrix (ECM). An increase of sodium signal suggests an enlarged ECM volume fraction and/or an increase in sodium concentration, which occurs during normal aging. The strong correlation between ΔR1ρ and sodium is likely the consequence of increased ECM and density of total charged sites within the matrix from molecules such as collagens and proteoglycans. The results from this study show the potential use of R1ρ dispersion and sodium imaging in the assessment of pathological changes in muscle such as ﬁbrosis.

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“…Typically, the extracellular compartment contains freely moving sodium ions, with a few exceptions, such as for example cartilage tissue, where sodium ions are associated with macromolecular constructs, and motion is restricted via binding to negatively charged entitites. 1,2 Anisotropic motion, or motion with partial averaging leads to the appearance of a residual quadrupolar coupling. 3,4 Biexponentional relaxation is observed when sodium ions are tumbling relatively slowly, such as in the crowded intra-cellular environment 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 Biexponentional relaxation is observed when sodium ions are tumbling relatively slowly, such as in the crowded intra-cellular environment 5 . Although the concentration of the extracellular sodium is about 10 times larger than the one of intra-cellular sodium, monitoring the latter and sodium in cartilage tissue is of greater interest for indicating physiological changes 2,6 . Several methods exist for diagnosing either restricted or slow motion, which include the multiple quantum filtered sequence 718 , sequences based on mixed selective and non-selective pulse sequences 19,20 and a quadrupolar jump-and-return sequence 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quadrupole sensitive pulse for signal filtering

Nimerovsky

Jerschow

2016

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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A longstanding problem in quadrupolar NMR of semi-solids is the selection of signals originating from ordered nuclei, i.e. those that experience a non-vanishing quadrupolar coupling. Established techniques, such as for example multiple-quantum filters are not adequate in situations when the radio frequency power is on the order of the quadrupolar coupling or the quadrupolar relaxation rates, such as may be the case on an MRI scanner, or in ex situ applications. In this manuscript we show a new method for the selective excitation of ordered spin-3/2 nuclei, which produces the desired results when the radio frequency power is approximately equal or smaller than quadrupolar frequency. Using a combination of simulations and experiments with 23Na in NaCl solution, Pf1-solutions, and bovine patellar cartilage samples we further show how the value of the quadrupolar frequency and global features of a quadrupolar coupling distribution can be extracted from these experiments.

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Sodium MRI: Methods and applications

Cited by 190 publications

References 214 publications

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R 1ρ dispersion and sodium imaging in human calf muscle

Quadrupole sensitive pulse for signal filtering

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