Sodium Nitrate Supplementation Does Not Enhance Performance of Endurance Athletes

Bescós, Raúl; Ferrer-Roca, Ventura; Galilea, Pedro A.; Roig, Andreu; Drobnic, Franchek; Sureda, Antoni; Martorell, Miquel; Córdova, Alfredo; Tur, Josep A.; Pons, Antoni

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182687e5c

Cited by 89 publications

(115 citation statements)

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“…This may be explained by the elevated baseline plasma [NO 3 − ] and [NO 2 − ] in this cohort (Vassalle et al 2003), although multiple other factors may also be important (Jones 2014). It is therefore unclear whether the reduced effects of NO 3 − supplementation reported during longer vs. shorter duration exercise tests are related to the exercise duration (and requisite work rate) or the high training status of subjects in these investigations (Bescós et al 2012;Wilkerson et al 2012;Cermak et al 2012b;Lane et al 2014;Glaister et al 2015). Direct comparison between the effects of NO 3 − supplementation on short and longer duration (< or >30 min) exercise performance where other methodological variables are fixed is necessary, yet presently scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In contrast, limited effects of NO 3 − supplementation have been reported for similar duration exercise tests in individuals with a greater training status (i.e. well-trained and elite athletes) (VO 2max >70 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 ) (Peacock et al 2012;Bescós et al 2012;Christensen et al 2013;Porcelli et al 2014;Sandbakk et al 2015). These highly trained athletes manifest a host of different characteristics likely to diminish their responsiveness to NO 3 − supplementation (for review, see Jones 2014), including elevated endogenous NO 3 − and NO 2 − reserves (Vassalle et al 2003).…”

Section: Effects Of Brj On 1500 M Tt Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, Lansley et al (2011) reported a significant and comparable improvement in 4 km (TT duration: ~6 min; performance improvement: 2.8%) and 16.1 km (TT duration: ~ 28 min; performance improvement: 2.7%) cycle ergometry TT performance in moderately trained males (VO 2max ~56 ml kg −1 min −1 ) consequent to NO 3 − ingestion. Conversely, NO 3 − supplementation has been reported to have a minimal effect on performance during longer duration (>30 min) exercise tests, which mandate a lower work rate (Bescós et al 2012;Wilkerson et al 2012;Cermak et al 2012b;Lane et al 2014;Glaister et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances short but not longer duration running time-trial performance

et al. 2017

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TT performance between conditions (2643.1 ± 324. 1 vs. 2649.9 ± 319.8 s, P > 0.05). Conclusion Acute BRJ supplementation significantly enhanced 1500 m, but not 10,000 m TT performance. These findings suggest that BRJ might be ergogenic during shorter distance TTs which allow for a high work rate, but not during longer distance TTs, completed at a lower work rate. ) supplementation on physiological functioning and exercise performance in trained runners/triathletes conducting short and longer-distance treadmill running time-trials (TT). Method Eight trained male runners or triathletes completed four exercise performance tests comprising a 10 min warm up followed by either a 1500 or 10,000 m treadmill TT. Exercise performance tests were preceded 3 h before the exercise by supplementation with either 140 ml concentrated nitrate-rich (~12.5 mmol nitrate) (BRJ) or nitratedeplete (~0.01 mmol nitrate) (PLA) beetroot juice. Results BRJ supplementation significantly elevated plasma [NO 2 − ] (P < 0.05). Resting blood pressure and exercise V O 2 were not significantly different between BRJ and PLA (P > 0.05). However, post-exercise blood [lactate] was significantly greater in BRJ following the 1500 m TT (6.6 ± 1.2 vs. 6.1 ± 1.5 mM; P < 0.05), but not significantly different between conditions in the 10,000 m TT (P > 0.05). Performance in the 1500 m TT was significantly faster in BRJ vs. PLA (319.6 ± 36.2 vs. 325.7 ± 38.8 s; P < 0.05). Conversely, there was no significant difference in 10,000 m Communicated by Keywords

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Effects Of Brj On 1500 M Tt Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances short but not longer duration running time-trial performance

et al. 2017

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“…Conversely, well-trained participants (V O2max > 60 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ) are typically less responsive to dietary nitrate supplementation [17,[19][20][21][25][26][27], even when very high nitrate doses (~ 19.5 mmol) are administered [28]. Highly-trained individuals are known to possess elevated baseline nitrate/ nitrite reserves [29], may habitually consume large amounts of nitrate, subsequent to their increased calorie consumption [30], and exhibit greater presence and activity of the NOS enzymes, relative to the untrained [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances high-intensity running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia, independent of aerobic fitness

et al. 2016

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Nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ) increases plasma nitrite concentration, lowers the oxygen cost (V O2) of steady-state exercise and improves exercise performance in sedentary and moderately-trained, but rarely in well-trained individuals exercising at sea-level. BRJ supplementation may be more effective in a hypoxic environment, where the reduction of nitrite into nitric oxide (NO) is potentiated, such that well-trained and less well-trained individuals may derive a similar ergogenic effect.We conducted a randomised, counterbalanced, double-blind placebo controlled trial to determine the effects of BRJ on treadmill running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia (equivalent to 2500 m altitude) in participants with a range of aerobic fitness levels. Twelve healthy males (V O2max ranging from 47.1 -76.8 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ) ingested 138 ml concentrated BRJ (~ 15.2 mmol nitrate) or a nitrate-deplete placebo (PLA) (~ 0.2 mmol nitrate). Three hours later, participants completed steady-state moderate intensity running, and a 1500 m time-trial (TT) in a normobaric hypoxic chamber (FIO2 ~15 %). Plasma nitrite concentration was significantly greater following BRJ versus PLA 1 hour post supplementation, and remained higher in BRJ throughout the testing session (p < 0.01). Average V O2 was significantly lower (BRJ: 18.4 ± 2.0, PLA: 20.4 ± 12.6 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ; p = 0.002), whilst arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was significantly greater (BRJ: 88.4 ± 2.7, PLA: 86.5 ± 3.3 %; p < 0.001) following BRJ. BRJ improved TT performance in all 12 participants by an average of 3.2 % (BRJ: 331.1 ± 45.3 vs. PL: 341.9 ± 46.1 s; p < 0.001). There was no apparent relationship between aerobic fitness and the improvement in performance following BRJ (r 2 = 0.05, p > 0.05). These findings suggests that a high nitrate dose in the form of a BRJ supplement may improve running performance in individuals with a range of aerobic fitness levels conducting moderate and high-intensity exercise in a normobaric hypoxic environment.

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“…6 Training status has also been shown to have an impact on whether dietary nitrate supplementation will improve performance. Endurance-trained athletes have higher eNOS (endothelial NO synthase situated in the capillary walls) and nNOS (neuronal NO synthase situated in muscle fibers) activity 14,15 which will likely lead to an increased NO production via the L-arginine pathway and may explain why the majority of studies with trained individuals (VO 2max >60 ml/kg/min) report no effects on exercise performance 16,17 . The runners in our study withVO 2max-levels in the mid-40s's range (45 ml/kg/min P; 46 ml/kg/min BR) would not be considered "elite" and it was anticipated that there would be some benefit from consumption of the dietary nitrate supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Over Four Weeks on Maximum Oxygen Consumption in Recreational Runners: A Pilot Study

Almubiadin¹,

Awadi²,

Wilson³

2017

Sport Exerc Med Open J

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Introduction: Nutritional aids to improve exercise performance have become popular. One of the newest is dietary nitrate, often administered as a drink known as beetroot juice (BR). This has led many athletes, both elite and recreational, to consume BR prior to competition or physical activity. However, the results have been inconsistent and indicate that several factors need to be considered. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of BR consumption or placebo in two groups of recreational runners running a minimum of 15 miles per week. Methods: Ten women and three men volunteered to participate in this four week study. Each participant completed a maximal oxygen consumption test (VO 2max ). Data from the exercise test used for analysis included VO 2max , maximum heart rate (HR max ) and time of the maximal exercise test (T). Participants were then randomly assigned to either the Beetroot Juice Group (BRJ, n=7) or the Placebo Group (P, n=6). Each participant was given 16-four ounce bottles prefilled with the juice for their respective group. Participants were instructed to consume the juice 30 min prior to their exercise bouts (4/week) over the next four weeks, then return for follow-up testing. Results: Thirteen subjects completed the four week study (BRJ=7; P=6) and returned for posttesting. Statistical analyses were conducted using a two factor, repeated measures ANOVA to determine differences between the two groups for the initial and final VO 2max tests, as well as within the groups from pre-to post-testing after the four weeks. The initial values for VO 2max , (P=44.7±5.0 ml/kg/min; BRJ=47.6±8.4 ml/kg/min) HR max (P=174.7±15.6 bpm; BRJ=171.7±11.2 bpm), and T (P=12:06±1:26 min:sec; BRJ=12:22±0:08 min:sec) were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). At the conclusion of the four week study, the results for the post maximal exercise test were VO 2max (P=45.0±6.3 ml/kg/ min; BRJ=49.3±8.8 ml/kg/min), HR max (P=171.7±16.6 bpm; BRJ=172.3±8.7 bpm), and T (P=12:06±1.36 min:sec; BRJ=12.43±0.07 min:sec) were not significantly different (p>0.05). However, there was a significant increase in the average time of the VO 2max test for the BRJ of 20.7 sec (p=0.02). None of the other variables measured over the four week training session were significantly different (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that dietary nitrate supplementation (16 oz/week) did not increase exercise performance with the exception of a significant increase in the average time of the VO 2max test for the BRJ group. This may be the result of learning to run on the treadmill or a reduction in the O 2 cost of exercise due to possible ergogenic effects of dietary nitrate supplementation. These findings may be further attributed to the varying training regimens, diets, and time of consumption.

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Sodium Nitrate Supplementation Does Not Enhance Performance of Endurance Athletes

Abstract: Sodium nitrate supplementation did not improve a 40-min distance-trial performance in endurance athletes. In addition, concentration of plasma ET-1 increased significantly after exercise after supplementation with sodium nitrate.

Cited by 89 publications

References 39 publications

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances short but not longer duration running time-trial performance

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances short but not longer duration running time-trial performance

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances high-intensity running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia, independent of aerobic fitness

Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Over Four Weeks on Maximum Oxygen Consumption in Recreational Runners: A Pilot Study

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