Sodium storage mechanism of N, S co-doped nanoporous carbon: Experimental design and theoretical evaluation

Liu, Yang; Qiao, Yu; Wei, Guanghong; Li, Shuo; Lu, Zhansheng; Wang, Xiaobing; Lou, Xiangdong

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2017.09.003

Cited by 120 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Inspired by the similar chemical nature of sodium to lithium, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been extensively investigated and regarded as the most promising alternative power technology to the commercialized LIBs, especially for largescale energy storage from intermittent and renewable energy sources and smart grid applications, owing to the low cost and natural abundance of sodium resources. [3][4][5][6] Considerable efforts have been made to apply the successful experience on LIB systems to the SIBs, especially in the terms of the electrode materials. The larger ionic radius (1.02 Å for Na + vs. 0.76 Å for Li + ), resulting in sluggish reaction kinetics, usually causes lower capacity, inferior rate capability, poor cycling stability, or even complete electrochemical inactivity, as in the case of graphitic carbon, the most commonly used anode material in LIBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress on sodium ion batteries: potential high-performance anodes

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2018

Energy Environ. Sci.

637

343

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress on sodium ion batteries: potential high-performance anodes

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2018

Energy Environ. Sci.

637

343

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“…The excellent sodium storage behavior of N 0.2 S 0.8 ‐MC anode is mainly attributed to microdominant porous structure, the defects/disorders introduced by chemical doping, and the expanding interlayer distance caused by the N, S codoping. The former ensures the structure foundation, which builds an ideal bridge between the active electrode and electrolyte, and the latter contributes the component foundation, which enhances the sodium insertion/extraction and leading to a high capacity …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate Control Multiple Active Sites of Carbonaceous Anode for High Performance Sodium Storage: Insights into Capacitive Contribution Mechanism

Liang

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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Heteroatom doping is widely recognized as an appealing strategy to break the capacitance limitation of carbonaceous materials toward sodium storage. However, the concrete effects, especially for heteroatomic phase transformation, during the sodium storage reaction remain a confusing topic. Here, a novel hypercrosslinked polymerization approach is demonstrated to fabricate pyrrole/thiophene hypercrosslinked microporous copolymer and further give porous carbonaceous materials with accurately regulated N/S dual doping corresponding to starting feeding ratios. Significantly, the N doping contributes to the conductivity and surface wettability, while the S doping is bridged to build stable active sites, which can be electrochemically converted into mercaptan anions via faraday reaction and further enhancing reversible capacities. Meanwhile, the abundant S doping can also conduce to the expanded interlayer spacing to shorten the ions diffusion distance, thus optimizing the reaction kinetic. As a result, the N0.2S0.8‐micro‐dominant porous carbon delivers the highest reversible capacity of 521 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and excellent cyclic stability over 2000 cycles at 2000 mA g−1 with a capacity decay of 0.0145 mAh g−1 per cycle. This work is anticipated to provide an in‐depth understanding of capacitance contribution and illuminate the heteroatomic phase transformation during sodium storage reactions for doping carbonaceous anodes.

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“…On the one hand, the ultra-small Sn QDs can increase the specific active surface with electrolyte, enhancing the interfacial Na + storage properties and improving capacity [20,50]. On the other hand, the optimized N,S co-doped CNFs can induce numerous extrinsic defects and active sites, which can further enhance the sodium absorption properties [35]. In comparison, the Sn/N-CNFs, Sn/NS-CNFs, and Sn/N-CNFs@rGO electrodes deliver a relatively lower (1) 4Sn + 15Na + ↔ Na 15 Sn 4 (2) xC + Na + + e − ↔ NaC x capacity of 201, 300, and 410 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles at 100 mA g −1 , respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Conductive Anodes Based on 3D Hierarchical Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO Network for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Luo

Song

et al. 2019

Nano-Micro Lett.

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HIGHLIGHTS • 3D hierarchical conductive Sn quantum dots encapsulated in N,S co-doped carbon nanofibers sheathed within rGO scrolls (Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO) were prepared through an electrospinning process. • Flexible Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO electrode exhibits superior long-term cycling stability and high-rate capability in sodium-ion batteries. ABSTRACT Metallic Sn has provoked tremendous progress as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, Sn anodes suffer from a dramatic capacity fading, owing to pulverization induced by drastic volume expansion during cycling. Herein, a flexible three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical conductive network electrode is designed by constructing Sn quantum dots (QDs) encapsulated in one-dimensional N,S codoped carbon nanofibers (NS-CNFs) sheathed within two-dimensional (2D) reduced graphene oxide (rGO) scrolls. In this ingenious strategy, 1D NS-CNFs are regarded as building blocks to prevent the aggregation and pulverization of Sn QDs during sodiation/desodiation, 2D rGO acts as electrical roads and "bridges" among NS-CNFs to improve the conductivity of the electrode and enlarge the contact area with electrolyte. Because of the unique structural merits, the flexible 3D hierarchical conductive network was directly used as binder-and current collectorfree anode for SIBs, exhibiting ultra-long cycling life (373 mAh g −1 after 5000 cycles at 1 A g −1), and excellent high-rate capability (189 mAh g −1 at 10 A g −1). This work provides a facile and efficient engineering method to construct 3D hierarchical conductive electrodes for other flexible energy storage devices.

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Sodium storage mechanism of N, S co-doped nanoporous carbon: Experimental design and theoretical evaluation

Cited by 120 publications

References 61 publications

Recent progress on sodium ion batteries: potential high-performance anodes

Recent progress on sodium ion batteries: potential high-performance anodes

Accurate Control Multiple Active Sites of Carbonaceous Anode for High Performance Sodium Storage: Insights into Capacitive Contribution Mechanism

Flexible Conductive Anodes Based on 3D Hierarchical Sn/NS-CNFs@rGO Network for Sodium-Ion Batteries

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